My brother in law (JPL) was telling me about this earlier in August. Big letdown but he assured me that they'll come back to earth some day ... just gonna sit up there a long time.
This article only obliquely mentions in the last paragraphs, but there's a parallel Chinese program that recently brought back samples from the moon, and will attempt Mars sample return, launching in 2028,
Anyone wanting to be involved in the future of scientific research should probably start learning Mandarin. We're going the way of the Soviets, where political officers will quash any science that doesn't fit their ideology.
https://arstechnica.com/science/2026/09/trump-planning-to-ha...
Do we really need to frame China’s succes here in terms of American decline? Do you think everyone outside the US views the moonlanding as a black page in history?
It’s fine to talk about a “race” if jingoism is the thing that gets most people on board with funding Nasa. But we ought to know better.
The Soviets launched the first satellite, put the first animal into space, launched the first lunar probe, got the first photographs of the dark side of the moon, put the first human in space, put the first woman in space, put the first craft with more than one crew member into space, did the first spacewalk, sent the first probe to Venus, got the first pictures of another planet, and launched the first space station.
The moon landing was fine and all, a moment of global historic import (and propaganda value, with the US putting their flag on it like they owned the damned thing) but that's still just one victory in a race that was otherwise entirely dominated by the Soviets, and on balance what the Soviets did was of greater scientific merit than anything the US would achieve for years. Americans didn't even care about space until Russia flew Sputnik over their heads.
That was a factor in the initial stages of the space race. But military and civilian launch technologies diverged once things really got going. The military switched to solid rocket launchers to improve safety and reliability but those couldn't be used as the core of human rated rockets.
As someone from the former USSR, I find that hard to imagine. Downright denial that the moon landings even happened, sure, but seeing them as a bad event? Not really likely.
Everyone under the age of 45 has a right to be pissed at the way things have gone. They inherited a shitshow that they never had any real power to stop or fix.
Boomers and Silents (and, to a lesser and understandable extent re: Challenger, Gen X) should be ashamed, though.
I get harangued every time I point the finger, but for Pete's sake, Millennials didn't do this. Millennials wanted to go to Space Camp. It has to be SOMEONE'S fault. SOMEONE take responsibility.
It's hard to imagine, since the moonlandings, if America kept its pace in space exploration, how far ahead of everyone else it would be, but also how far along everyone else would be. America was the catalyst for the impossible in that era, and then we decided to abandon it for... basically nothing. Enriching corporations, I guess?
People took issue with the cost of space exploration in context of "the good the money could do here on Earth", but then when we shifted resources that way, the money did absolutely no good here on Earth.
The US is still significantly ahead of everyone else in space. It’s just that NASA has become a shadow of its past self.
Maybe it’s better this way. There is a tendency of every organization, private or public, to rot and stagnate over time. But in the private sectors they die more quickly and give way to new entrants, which would help space exploration long term.
Let’s be honest with one anther. We went to the Moon because we were at war with the Soviet Union. To think otherwise is delusion, leading some to suppose the only reason we’re not on Mars already is the absence of visionary leaders, or of political will, or of money. No. When you perceive your security to be at risk, money flows like rivers to protect us.
But there exists another driver of great ambitions, almost as potent as war. That’s the promise of wealth. Fully funded missions to Mars and beyond, commanded by astronauts who, today, are in middle school, would reboot America’s capacity to innovate as no other force in society can. What matters here are not spin-offs (although I could list a few: Accurate affordable Lasik surgery, Scratch resistant lenses, Cordless power tools, Tempurfoam, Cochlear implants, the drive to miniaturize of electronics…) but cultural shifts in how the electorate views the role of science and technology in our daily lives.
As the 1970s drew to a close, we stopped advancing a space frontier. The “tomorrow” articles faded. And we spent the next several decades coasting on the innovations conceived by earlier dreamers. They knew that seemingly impossible things were possible—the older among them had enabled, and the younger among them had witnessed the Apollo voyages to the Moon—the greatest adventure there ever was. If all you do is coast, eventually you slow down, while others catch up and pass you by.
I'm skeptical that space exploration in particular was meaningfully responsible for the list of consumer-facing technologies Tyson mentioned in his speech. If anything, I think that technological development created to serve Earth-based demand also has benefits for making space exploration cheaper and easier - computers have gotten way cheaper and way more powerful since the Apollo Guidance Computer, which has obviously affected the entire world in countless ways but also means that we can computerize every aspect of space launches, generally for good.
I'm skeptical that space exploration in particular was meaningfully responsible for the list of consumer-facing technologies Tyson mentioned in his speech.
It clearly was, at least in several examples. It looks like he's getting it right from NASA:
Apollo program was canceled during Nixon's presidency while the Cold War was very much still active (though slowing down a little from detente). A few years later Reagan won on a platform of re-accelerating the Cold War with swelling military budgets and deficit spending, but without commiserate increases to space exploration and science.
The Space Race was a unique and limited phase coming out of the atomic age when public support for scientific research was at an all time high. With the Kennedy and Johnson administrations willing to fund programs left and right to improve education and research with long term aims. The Soviets were also at the apogee of their scientific capability, and Khrushchev did great PR for all their achievements which unnerved Americans and provided the Cold War justification for new domestic programs.
Once the Brezhnev age of stagnation and lopsided USSR military spending set in, the new Cold War 2.0 became about numbers of delivery vehicles and NATO conventional deterrence, not space and science. By then the US had clear technological dominance that seemed insurmountable in the new world of microchips and computers in which the Soviets couldn't compete. Which allowed Reagan to boost military budgets and deficit spending while simultaneously beginning the Republican "starve the beast" strategy to cut taxes and non-military domestic programs.
All of this is to point out that Cold War = Space Race/Apollo is looking back with rose colored glasses. We could just as easily see federal space and science spending getting further slashed every year while churning out warheads, delivery vehicles and conventional arms ever faster (and seems more likely based on late Cold War trends).
President Nixon cancelled NASA manned deep space exploration programs due to rising costs from the Space Shuttle program and the Vietnam War. It wasn't politically sustainable to keep funding everything. With the benefit of hindsight one could argue that we should have withdrawn sooner from Vietnam and cancelled the Space Shuttle program.
What view do you have on the trajectory of the U.S.?
What view do you have of what programs have been cut from Chinese government budgets? Can you link to some of the HN discussions around them so I can also see people commenting on the internal policy decisions that the Chinese government has made available for people to openly comment on?
And ironically the US very much considers itself to be in a race with China including in space, it's just run by such thundering morons that most of the moves they make advance China's interests more than theirs. Now the cancellation of Mars Sample Return isn't that big an issue in terms of strategic benefit or decline narratives, nor is it a particularly massive surprise (the program's issues are longer term than just current administration cuts). But there is a certain irony in some of the people most interested in scorekeeping with China (and for that matter Mars!) being the ones likely to ensure China pulls off the sample return first.
It's the other way around. He's framing America's decline in terms of Chinese success.
The Chinese rise is also remarkable in its own terms, but it's not the subject of discussion here. The subject here is how the US is under cutting its former preeminence in science.
Do we really need to frame China’s succes here in terms of American decline?
They are co-occurring facts in the same area and the only reason China’s success is relevant in this discussion is because it is co-occurring with and in the same field as the American decline that is (unlike the tangential Chinese angle) directly relevant to the story here.
So, in this specific case, if we are going to mention China at all, the answer is yes. Not because the two things are so linked that they ALWAYS need to be discussed together, but because that is the relevant nexus between the present subject and China at all.
This doesn’t actually represent an American decline in space exploration, though.
The NASA/ESA Mars sample return was poorly designed, they basically attached a half baked idea to the Perseverance mission in the hopes that having the mission “underway” would make it easier to fund the rest of the mission. That meant Perseverance was just putting things in tubes and leaving them sealed on the ground at random places around Mars. So that meant they would need to devise another system to go collect them, another system to store and launch them, and another system to return them to Earth. That’s a ridiculous process. The costs exploded, the gambit failed.
China’s was much better planned, having the rover and launch vehicle land together, fully funded from the beginning. However, it’s also much simpler, there’s no picking and choosing what to sample from a wide area, it’s just whatever is available to the lander wherever it happens to land.
And this would not have been the only future mission to deep space. The US is going to land a fleet of drones on Mars. They’re launching a nuclear powered drone to Titan.
The US has led the world in reusable rocket development, satellite constellations, and crewed LEO operations.
The big picture is clear. This one mission doesn’t really say much about the space program in general.
That’s not quite true - Perseverance has tubes for every tube (10) it left behind. The tubes left behind are the backups in case something happened to Perseverance- the main tubes are on board and can be collected all at once when from the rover.
best thing as always - simply do not read the news. take care of yourself and your family, reading the news is futile. been quite some time since "news people" reported on actual news
Is there any reason to think that their "ideology" is contradictory to scientific findings or is this just the traditional instinct to see all foreigners as mustache-twirling villains?
They have suppressed reporting of the deaths and missing from Kyirong Valley and Gyirong Port landslide. Surviving relatives living outside the area would appreciate information but the Chinese Government would prefer that everyone just move along.
The reason is money. The US has the world reserve currency which basically means infinite money. This will soon end and China will have the world reserve currency.
Its also close to impossible to immigrate to China. I've checked it out myself since I'm really impressed by the work Huawei is doing with high density wireless nnetworks. HK was an easier (still difficult) path, but I haven't checked again since it changed hands.
It will not end soon nor will China "have the world reserve currency". The primary reason is China doesn't want that "reserve currency" because they have to run structural deficits to support it, which is counter to their export-oriented economy.
A reserve currency is just a currency that central banks and other important institutions hold in "reserve". The Euro is a reserve currency, as is the Yen, Pound, and others. The American dollar is the primary one, and that usage will ebb and flow over time, but it's arguable that no longer being the primary one is a good thing as it will make American exports more competitive among other things. I don't think I agree but folks have very reasonable and competing takes on this.
The world also isn't going to adopt a Chinese currency as a reserve currency either because China would have to make liberalizing economic reforms which would run counter to the control that the CCP has over the country (why people keep forgetting that China is run by an authoritarian group is beyond me but whatever) and so they won't make those reforms and the world just won't adopt that currency.
US has/had the best schools in the world.
US provides/provided remarkable academic independence (tenure, etc).
US provides/provided the best expected economic return to foreign scientists.
As we dismantle those components via xenophobia, anti-intellectualism, funding cuts, and so on, trends will change. Already I see a substantial uptick in my PhD/Academic friends moving to Europe as we cede our historic advantages.
If, in say 15 years, China provides better schools, or better economic returns, or (perhaps unlikely) better independence, or all 3, then scientists will go there.
China is labeled an authoritarian regime while the US is labeled a liberal democracy, are you saying the behavioural standard for a liberal democracy is the behaviour of an authoritarian regime?
Oh, no! How did it happen that a country founded by religious fanatics and capitalism supporters (and who literally killed almost all natives) is run by religious nut jobs and billionaire sociopaths?
I don’t understand the point you are trying to make. Is it that since the person didn’t find the page they were looking for, they must be a Chinese plant?
It's a bit of a poor example as well, because there was a long time when people were importing Australian baby formula into China because they didn't trust the food safety standards there.
We also inverted the food pyramid recently since the whole thing reeked of big sugar/grain lobby, it can take a while for research to percolate above propoganda, and I'm not above suspecting the new pyramid of having its bias'
Big Bread vs Big Cow. Both are needed for pizza so maybe we can swap the pyramid for a rectangular "office tower" shape and call it a truce. Good opportunity for Big Pizza.
Download the CSV and search for things like "Latinx" or "Black" or "equity" or "URM" (URM = non-white)
CHS: Large: Collaborative Research: Gender-Inclusive Open Source through Gender-Inclusive Tools
This work will harness foundational gender research to provide theory-based yet practical solutions, towards addressing the underrepresentation of women in OSS communities.
The AGEP Florida Alliance Model: Improving Minority Women Success in STEM Faculty Careers
The research team is also investigating ways that URM women in STEM build skills, knowledge and competencies to successfully enter and persist in faculty careers.
STEM Leadership, Equity, and Advancement for Faculty
The NSF ADVANCE program is designed to foster gender equity through a focus on the identification and elimination of organizational barriers
Most of these are pure racism and absolutely deserved to be revoked.
There is no possible scenario where the senate, even post-midterms, votes to convict. And if they did, which they will not, the vice-president stands waiting to give us more or the same, or maybe worse.
What’s the relevance of your point to this article? The program is extremely over budget and taking money from other projects. The previous administration sent NASA back to the drawing board on the project as well: https://www.courthousenews.com/nasa-goes-back-to-drawing-boa...
NASA needs to rethink its goal of returning samples from the Martian surface to Earth, the agency’s administrator Bill Nelson said in a press call on Monday.
I think the defining moment is that IF China gets man back to the moon before the US, that will be the moment when it becomes too hard to ignore. That is the new political high ground.
The Chang’e missions plan for this in 2030 and they have hit every target to date. While the US is currently targeting 2028, it isn't inconceivable that it can slip by two years.
"Congratulations to China! They were the second nation to land on the Moon, just a few decades after the greatest nation in history landed there first, the United States of America.
We are not in a hurry now, because we already won that race many decades ago!
The Fake News Media is reporting that NASA completely lost the Moon race to China. A total disaster! Under my Administration, Space Force is winning BIG. Now, Beijing is supposedly up there doing who knows what. Fake flags, very low quality! The moon is ours, and Mars too (which the Moon is part of!). MAKE AMERICA SPACE AGAIN!
I think that would just end in people who had nothing to do with Apollo (having been children or born after) claiming that it didn't matter because America had been there decades ago, rather than looking inwards and considering what it says to have lost the means to go back.
Mandarin is high on my list, but its almost all for business and the people wouldn't be interested in me (different melanin). Whereas socially our Ukrainian and Russian refugees are way more interested in me, and there's potentially some business anyway.
More business in China though, tricky to prioritize since I'm doing any of this for the abundance of intimacy and the slavic people come with that, for me. I need to learn Mandarin and Russian.
at least Cantonese is no longer seriously a contender in my sphere. That was distracting
knowing what I know about the way sceptical doctors were threatened during covid, the ars article confirms the covid zealots still have a flock. ars was over when conde nast bought them, this proves it.
I think that the scientific community really doesn't care about who will bring the samples back, but simply wheter someone will do it and share them with the world
The NASA/ESA MSR was of substantially higher quality, mind you. The M2020 rover specifically picked up samples of high scientific value to be returned. The Chinese return mission will only return what it finds from its direct landing site.
Also they’re no where near each other. These Chinese rover cannot get there.
Also also, if China were to create a new mission to collect them, they would see their costs balloon to unsustainable levels as well, as the issue is how the mission is designed. The samples are all over the place and would need a rover specifically designed to collect them and return them to a launcher.
The US Mars sample return project was always half baked in the hopes that doing something would garner funding for the rest of the mission.
Not true - only ten samples were dropped off at a “depot” close to each other. The rest are on-board Perseverance and can be picked up all at once, which was always the primary plan.
Interesting question. Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty [1] states:
A State Party to the Treaty on whose registry an object launched into outer space is carried shall retain jurisdiction and control over such object, and over any personnel thereof, while in outer space or on a celestial body. Ownership of objects launched into outer space, including objects landed or constructed on a celestial body, and of their component parts, is not affected by their presence in outer space or on a celestial body or by their return to the Earth. Such objects or component parts found beyond the limits of the State Party to the Treaty on whose registry they are carried shall be returned to that State Party, which shall, upon request, furnish identifying data prior to their return.
It is clear, then, that the sample containers are still the property of the US, and that if the Chinese brought them back to Earth, they would be required to give them to the US.
Right - because the best engineering is done in a high stakes big bang of upmost complexity rather than iterative improvement?
Not only are political officers making science decisions, but nasa lost its way in the depths of over engineered missions due to requiring a senator to be bribed by the quantity of home stage work.
This is so disappointing. The closest thing we ever discovered to life on other planets and the US won't even put 0.5% of budget towards retrieving it.
Or we could look at the utterly stupid things, like maybe stop having a failed war in Iran, and just not pay for those? Thats a very big chunk of budget. As a bonus it would bring gas prices down, reduce future spending in VA and other combat veteran costs, and just possible help make the case for reducing the size and expense of our military (while still maintaining the 2 largest air forces in the world).
What makes you think the poster you responded to agrees with the Iran war expense? He simply commented on how difficult it is to cut anything from the Federal budget. He's right. Remember when all the lunatics were out keying Teslas a few short months ago?
No, its not a strawman. Cutting tiny things from the budget to save money when there are big obvious wastes right out in front is fucking stupid. Complaining about how hard it is to cut tiny things from the budget when there are giant obvious wastes out in front is equally as stupid.
If you want to seriously affect the budget, go for the things that burn large piles of money first.
I never really understood why you'd have Perseverance drill the cores and then just leave them on the ground for an underdefined future mission to retrieve.
Who are these "powers that be"? And do they have an infinite credit card? Could they really just do whatever they want and for some reason they choose not to?
Yes. They decided that it was more valuable spending a trillion dollars bombing people halfway around the world (and enriching weapons companies in the process) than it would be to spend a few billion advancing science.
NASA's budget is $24 billion this year. That's substantially larger than even Trump asked for, which was $16 billion. For reference, the ESA, the entirety of the EU's budget for space exploration and enterprise: $8 billion.
USA has two goddamn robots on Mars. And multiple others orbiting the planet itself. And also a couple that have left our solar system.
The war in Iran costs about $95m a day and is already over $43b cost to the taxpayers, just in military spending. That's nearly two NASA budgets in just over 200 days.
The "powers that be" chose to lose a completely optional and ill-conceived war on your dime. Instead of science or helping people they decided to spend money blowing up schoolgirls.
The entity that has exclusive power over the US federal budget, and thus NASA budget, is called the US Congress. This is a standard arrangement in representative democracies.
Um, NASA doesn't ask anything from the Congress, they get no say. They did not request their budget to be halved. They advise the executive, and then the executive asks the Congress to halve their budget and cancel half the missions because, you know. Luckily, the Congress was not inclined to agree because NASA actually has a solid bipartisan support.
The reason why NASA ended the Apollo program is because the American public 1) was never as committed to Apollo as younger people seem to believe they were with most people being indifferent to it and plenty of people being outright against it as wasteful, and 2) even the modicum of support it had on the Apollo 11th landing was gone by the next mission. Famously, Apollo 13 was notable for regaining the attention of the public, which it almost certainly would not have had if it weren't for their lives being on the line.
The public has almost never voted for more funding to NASA. The Kennedy Administration put a shitload of money into NASA hands, without real public approval, for geopolitical goals. It was never for public anything. The public just cannot be assed to spend even a few dollars on things they don't like, and they've never cared for generic space science.
The general public can in fact do whatever they can manage to fund, including through enormous debt, which is how we spent like $40 trillion on stupid wars in the desert for no reason. I was never really in agreement with doing that, but for some reason such a suggestion was "Unamerican", as claimed by the very people bitching about the debt right now. Who just so happened to be mostly the same people voting on doing those stupid wars.
It doesn't matter how many games you want to play with how "the system" makes it hard to vote for the right people, or how the incentives are constructed, but even in such a system, the Trump power bloc is still based around voting people out if they get in his way. The power always comes down to voting. The people in our government do all the shenanigans they do because it's how you capture the votes. They pander to giant businesses because those businesses pay for their political ads, which always go up in price so that only the largest businesses can afford to control them. But politicians do it because those ads get them the votes. If just doing their job better got them more votes, they would do that, or be replaced with someone who would.
The powers that be are the voters, with caveats and nuance.
An all-in-one solution would be far too heavy. Splitting the tasks up makes a lot of sense. Having all the equipment onboard to drill cores, quickly analyze them, decide if they're worth keeping, and then putting samples in containers is enough work for one rover.
* Storing all the samples onboard means a larger and heavier rover
* Mass budget squeeze means no more helicopter
* The return requires a ground launch from mars, so no more SkyCrane delivery system
They store the empty tubes, why not the full ones? Are they collecting that much mass that it’s really impractical. Are the empty tubes nested like solo cups to save space? I understand the rationale for the sample return, but those tubes will be hard to find after years of dust storms.
Whoa... TIL the rover had a tissue-box-sized helicopter (!!) on it! (and apparently the rotors must spin several times faster than a helicopter on earth due to Mars's sparse atmosphere). That's incredible.
I feel like SpaceX does an amazing job of producing docos and media (constant professionally-commentated live streams etc) but I never seem to see much from NASA. Sad, really.
There was extreme media coverage of the helicopter, live streams, twitter accounts, and scientists talking every day in media about if they could get another flight out of the copter. It was a huge media moment
The fascinating thing is that it wasn't a primary part of the mission but got lots of excitement. For me it was the thing that it features many off-the shelf parts from smartphones, uses linux and other open source software and it beat the expectations on how long it will service - Planned ~30 days with 5 flights and it did almost 3 years with 72 flights. https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/after-three-years-on-mars-...
Knowing Jared Isaacman, he won't let MSR die without a fight. It wouldn't shock me to see NASA consider Rocket Lab's MSR proposal; they had submitted a pretty affordable proposal some time ago.
Isaacman definitely likes scientific missions but was skeptical of MSR, he thinks we will have a manned mission to Mars by the late 2030s so the payoff was not there given the extremely long timeline and high costs.
And I mean I agree, for that much money we should be doing missions to Europa instead.
Yes the administration warned American space companies not to attend the international space summit in France last week because it was international cooperation. NASA attended.
I worked on (a very small part of) the ExoMars rover (now called the Rosalind Franklin[0]).
It was supposed to launch in 2018, then was pushed to the early 2020s on a Russian rocket. For obvious reasons, it got pushed again, now launching in 2028.
The state of the world isn't great for space exploration, but I'm hopeful this mission will be revived at some point in the future.
Sure! I worked on the digital logic that connects the rover to one of the scientific instruments on board, specifically the Mars Organic Molecule Analyser[0].
As an outsider who is very interested in space exploration I'm very flummoxed by the state of space exploration.
With the price of launches so low compared to only 20 years ago due to advancements in launch technology and the increased cadence of launches it seems like it should be easier to do these kinds of missions and that there should be more, cheaper missions that are willing to take risks because the per mission cost is so much lower.
Can you comment on why that doesn't seem to be happening? Why aren't we covering Mars in cheap rovers and satellites?
We've had 8 launches in the past 3 years, with only 10 in the combined 17 years before [1].
Seems that the reduced cost is being taken advantage of. And, make sure to exclude the drastic reduction in non-lunar launches in your cost comparison for lunar launches.
Some types of launches to some classes or orbits have gotten cheaper. Not all launches to all orbits. I don't know if any commercial launch services can even do planetary transfer orbits.
In space everything is an orbital change. To change orbits you need to speed up and slow down, all of that requires fuel. Even using what are known as "low energy" trajectories that use a bunch of gravitational slingshots need velocity changes to adjust trajectories to get the right angle of approach to some large body.
Most commercial launch services focus on LEO because the secondary stages don't need to carry much fuel and their engines only need to fire reliably once to get into a stable orbit.
A planetary transfer requires multiple engine firings. That's much harder than a single reliable firing. It's not impossible but the testing and engineering is expensive.
A science mission often needs to beg, borrow, and steal to get built. There's one shot to accomplish the mission objectives. That's more expensive engineering and testing. Some mission profiles require specific planetary alignments with very narrow launch windows to boot. So there's a lot of expensive work made more expensive by a tight deadline.
The actual marginal cost of the rocket, fuel, and launch is a very small part of the mission cost. Halving the launch price doesn't necessarily affect the cost of anything else.
Starlink satellites are effectively disposable. If a Falcon 9 explodes or fails to get the second stage to orbit they're out maybe a few tens of millions of dollars. If a science mission has some mission-killing failure there's no funding for a do-over.
You're right I was forgetting the Falcon Heavy. But it's certainly not cheap when the government is footing the bill. The Nancy Grace Roman launch cost NASA $255m, far above SpaceX's prices for even an expendable GTO launch.
For both operating mars rovers, the launch vehicle cost was about 10% of the total. So even if the providers paid you to launch, you'll still be picking up 80% of the remainder. Cut the development cost by 10x? Still in the hundred million dollar range. So still only large goverments can afford. And none of them would approve a bunch of rovers, they'd just see a discount on the one rover they already don't want to give you - "you have one, isn't that enough? Why do you need two?"
0 to 1 is part of why the first Curiosity cost so much. If they kept the technology alive in practice, launching a new one every year doesn’t sound unreasonable.
In fact, that kind of standing order for a new Curiosity every year is exactly how you would keep the technology alive in practice.
They issued statements like that... aaand then built a copy of the rover for the same cost as the original one. And it only took them 10 years to do this :)
Yeah, build-to-print at the small scale of space missions never really works in practice because requirements always change and small changes in requirements tend to have big design impacts.
Not just mass optimization either. Intense effort and cost are expended through verification because a single payload simply must work. But using commodity hardware with reduced verification effort, launching many, and tolerating some amount of attrition has resulted in reduced costs for Starlink.
I think the question of technical possibility answers differently from the question of organizational feasibility. Starlink is optimizing costs because they have a financial incentive to do so. The less each satellite costs, and costs to maintain, the more income they make. I fear incentives are not so direct in governmental orgs. Outside contractors performing most of the work have outsized influence, and incentive to inflate costs. Budgetary decision makers all want to see investment in their own districts.
I think Starlink and cubesats have definitely proven the approach can reduce costs.
The engineering does not seem as challenging to me as figuring out how to get such a policy approved and pushed through all the administrative and decision making layers without watering down and budgetary inflation.
Maybe if we launched 30 Starships carrying 30 rovers each. With only 30 units, the prices would likely be similar to current commercial satellites, which are already built on standardized platforms.
I'd go even more radically low cost, and kit the first lander out with wifi, and a half dozen each of every commercially available robot dog, humanoid, and wheeled or tracked robot of any interest. Rumble in the Mars Robodome. Bit of publicity for the existing manufacturers who may be willing to pay for the privilege, and who will undoubtedly learn valuable things about how their designs fail and can be improved. And you figure out in one stroke if there's a COTS platform you can buy for $30k that gets you 80% of what you need. If any of them function for any period of time, you use them to prepare the space for future landings. Rinse, repeat. After a few iterations, you have a half dozen manufacturers with commercially produced platforms with a few strategic modifications to which you can bolt your science instruments.
Testing of using commodity parts was part of the Mars helicopter and it worked well enough that making many of them seems plausible. I'd love to see multiple drones flying faster/further than rovers. Just not really sure what instruments would make them useful.
That's another great example. And ridesharing on the mission allowed them to prove it very inexpensively and with much lower risk than a dedicated mission.
I think if they had a big f-ing rocket at their disposal and could bundle a couple dozen of them MIRV style there would be no political downside if a bunch went splat so long as a bunch didn't
"look guys 9/24 of the rovers are transmitting back, great success"
The nature of science and exploration is that every mission is harder than the last, which is a reasonable first order proxy for expense. For NASA specifically, there has also been a large focus placed on making delivery to orbit and the moon a commercial service rather than something that NASA has to do in-house which has held us back.
And as others have said, there is really no such thing as a cheap rover. As a recent example, there was recently a push by NASA HQ to refurbish a Mars rover engineering unit (basically a one-to-one copy of the one sent to Mars, kept at JPL for use in ops planning and issue debugging) into an operational lunar rover. The estimated cost to take this existing piece of hardware and make it fully flight ready and suitable for the new mission was hundreds of millions of dollars.
I won't find it now, but I distinctly remember watching a video about some big NASA event a few years back but when Starship Booster (first stage) had been flying already. Basically none one at the event even considered switching paradigm from ultra custom probes and landers built from unobtainium and unicorn blood in favor of the way cheaper and way less robust, almost mass market hardware, to be launched once every 10 months instead of every 10 years on a regular basis. (PS: I know all the laundry list of arguments against this approach, and they are not that convincing at NASA scale). And I won't even talk about Space Disgrace System for manned flight.
NASA is stuck in the past and does it consciously and voluntarily.
... checks math ... Starship should have enough cargo capacity for this. One launch. We could put the whole senate up there. The house might take a couple launches unless we really pack 'em in. /s
We just need to setup a fake corporate sponsor meet and greet. We camouflage Ship to look like a hotel ball room, with a door for "private meetings" that leads to the cargo bay.
To my understanding people at NASA and people approving budgets like novel stuff. What’s the point of 100 identical rovers on mars? For politician - good publicity only for first 5 rovers, then it is only routine. For engineers, challenge of designing and constructing new cutting edge stuff is interesting and fulfilling, constructing 50th clone is boring. (If now you give money to top talent to do cutting edge, then after 5years you will have pool of talented people; might benefit next mission or some other company)
Outside of specifics like the space shuttle program, launch costs have never been that big of a factor. Like 5-15% of a program's cost. If your satellite or rover costs billions to build and another billion to run for a decade, saving a hundred million (or even a couple hundred million) isn't that much of a game changer
A practical issue with government spending is that it's self motivated. Politicians' only job is to get elected. And one big way to do that is by ensuring that money goes to your district, creating jobs and opportunities. This is how you get things like the SLS, nicknamed the Senate Launch System. It was a tremendous waste of money, spending on the order of decades to build a launch system that was arguably obsoleted years before it completed, and will in any case be far too expensive to ever regularly use.
But the reason we kept throwing good money after bad is because the goal was never really about making a good launch system. It was all about sending money and creating stable long-term jobs in various states and districts, actively supported by the politicians representing those areas. So you had parts being built all over the place, in a way that just sends costs skyrocketing, but that's okay - because the rocket isn't the goal.
Of course the government itself is aware of this problem, much like fishermen are aware that overfishing is self destructive in the long-run, even if they are nonetheless individually motivated to do exactly that. So I think this was why the big push for commercializing space. And I think we'll ultimately see the exact same thing with deeper space missions and technologies. SpaceX's goal is Mars and I see no reason to think they will fail there. At that point, costs for various Martian missions - be they sample return, rovers, or whatever else - should be relatively negligible relative to today. Exactly as happened when we went from ferrying people to the ISS using the Space Shuttle, to when we started launching them on Falcon rockets.
Cynicism is a variety of compliance in advance. It creates the conditions it decries.
Obviously there are corrupt politicians. But also obviously there are politicians who actually want to advance the public interest. It is the job of voters to tell them apart and ensure only the latter become the custodians of state power.
Politics, especially in its modern form, does not incentivize nor reward those who would put the public interest ahead of their own political careers. On the contrary it effectively prunes the overwhelming majority of these people out of office long before they get anywhere near the higher levels of office.
There have certainly been a few exceptions, but they're few and far between - and tend to be because of special circumstance. For instance I think Bernie Sanders, before he tried to run for President, was a good guy. But that's because he's from Vermont, a state with a smaller population than El Paso, TX. Democracy works quite well with small populations, but not so well with with larger populations when the 'distance', speaking both metaphorically and literally, between voters and their representatives grows too far. It also tends to fail when societies become too divided.
As for the voter determining who's socially motivated and who's a silver tongued conman? I don't think that's at all realistic.
One issue is definitely that there is no tangible (economical) upside to anything other than low earth launches and now maybe the moon, and the scientific exploration, while technically cheaper now, is still expensive - and requires a lot of public funding, which hinges on public interest. I don't think the general public is still as enthusiastic about space exploration anymore, people are far more skeptical about the upside given all the problem we have down here that occupy their minds constantly.
Yep notice that all the space stuff going on is about commerce not science.
Personally I couldn't give a shit about astronauts landing on the moon I want hundreds of drones flying around the solar system doing science but I'm the minority.
At least ESA isn't doing much propaganda.
America is being run by somebody who doesn't understand the value of science, so it is seen as a waste of money and worse, systematically destroyed. The problem is that the result won't become apparent for about ten years at which point Americans will be asking why everyone else is making money from science and technology breakthroughs and they're getting poorer.
Would it make sense to send better robotic analyzers there than to bring the samples back here? Fighting gravity and kilometers involves spending many billions on return; a lesser amount could be spent on surface activities.
The issue is the size of some of these analysers. For instance, a synchrotron, which is required to non-destructively generate nanometer-scale 3d images of the samples are 3-4 times the size of a football stadium
Don't mince words. Say it with your chest. The world state is being ruined by authoritarianism appeal to small-minded people's worst basal instincts, lack op apathy, and lack of curiosity. And unchecked capitalism, but I really shouldn't even need that 'unchecked' qualifier.
It's basically undead at this stage.
On a more serious note, after it was "paused" in 2023 because of scepticism about the return approaches and defunded by Congress earlier this year, ESA did look at other options, but now I think it's just JPL trying to find a commercial use case...
For better or worse it won’t be long until we get private exploration for minerals and water on the Moon and nearby planets, at a relatively decent scale (in comparative terms)
What could possibly fund the private exploration of minerals or water on the Moon or planets?
Which of the 180ish elements would possibly be found on a foreign body in enough scale that couldn't possibly be found, made, or replaced by cheaper means here on earth?
Space mining doesn't make sense! We can't even justify exploiting all known resources here on earth itself because they aren't profitable, how do you work those numbers when, instead of literal slave labor, you have to pay the energy cost of going up and then back down for every kilo of matter?
If it's often not worth it to mine literal gold here on earth because it can't be profitably extracted, the core limit on gold mines as an investment and business venture, why would it be profitable to, for example, mine that gold on Mars and try to bring it home?
The point of exploiting ressources in space is not to bring them back to earth (to the ground, specifically), but to use them in space.
The ability to manufacture in space, when the price to orbit is about 3000 $/kg can be very lucrative.
Just refuelling in orbit for long-range missions, with the fuel coming from the moon (aluminium-oxygen for exemple) would be a game-changer, and the ressources to make it happen are not that out of reach.
The USA can't afford to waste money shipping a bunch of rocks halfway across the Solar system just so some woke geeks can speculate if Mars in the past could have supported transgender athletes.
It would jeopardize important national security projects like the White House Ballroom, the Triumphal Arch, the Garden of Heroes and National Golf Course, and of course the Donald J. Trump Center for The Performing Arts (formerly The Memorial To That Loser That Got Assassinated.)
Sure does. R&D investments have a massively larger RoI than military spending - and you won’t be paying off that debt by trying to be frugal. The only way is forward, and bombing schools in Iran isn’t that. It might not be Mars either, but at the very least some interesting science falls out of it, and perhaps some interesting products out of that.
The way we spend military budget is inefficient yet, Americans grew in 90s not to say eu people tend to believe we live in the rosy world of friendly people , despite countries like North Korea , Iran , Russia , and even China to a certain extent.
I think the original plan was to land another rover, which would drive to each sample. I hope future plans weight the use of helicopters for retrieval after Ingenuity's success. It looks like the sample capsules weigh less than 3oz.
The Japanese 'Martian Moons exploration' mission is launching to Phobos next month and doing a sample return; how hard would a martian to phobos sample moving mission be that could then be collected off Phobos sometime?
Cool idea! However I think the Mars to Phobos sample move would be nearly as difficult as MSR. The hard parts of MSR were landing, sample collection, ascent from Mars and rendezvous with the return orbiter. The only thing this would change would be the last part, which would still be a rendezvous, just not necessarily a synchronous rendezvous. It could be useful for solving some transfer window timing problems though. And it would be awesome.
I was hoping that MME would have solved the phobos->orbiter part :-); so then you just have to get mars->phobos - you don't have to get a rendezvous for that - you just have to land intact on phobos. You can try this a few times until you manage it; only once it's sitting on Phobos do you send the equivalent of MME to collect it.
I'm personally sad to see samples from Jezero crater with potential biosignatures [1] won't find their way back to Earth for the foreseeable future. I was _really_ looking forward to learning more about what we found.
Maybe in some ideal world the US and China would work together to pass those samples on to a Chinese MSR, but it seems borderline impossible.
I was holding my breath for Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope which amazingly wasn't cancelled but they did cancel its successor, the Habitable Worlds Observatory Space Telescope which would be able to spot earth-sized exo-planets
even though Congress already funded it, because somehow the executive is allowed to illegally pocket veto Congress over and over again past two years
it's all Heritage Foundation and Russell Vought, he has no use for science and education
it's cancelled via funding via some illegal devious trick since they can't nuke it entirely via the executive
Congress awarded it $150 Million
so Vought or someone in the cabinet pocketed that and gave it $5 Million instead
They can't do anything with $5 Million, that's their point
That's one tomahawk missile
Imagine what NASA could have done with the $1000 MILLION PER DAY being spent on bombing Iran to no purpose or result
Nancy Grace only happened because it was a refurbished second spy telescope built but never launched by the NSA, basically a Hubble pointed at earth
HWO needs to be built from scratch because detecting non-light-emitting earth-sized planets is a technological miracle not even possible this decade at any price
It was meant for 2040 but now I won't live long enough to see it even if the next Congress re-funds it
I'm surprised nobody has mentioned this but one reason not to do this mission is that we have ~400 Martian samples from meteors found on Earth [1]. The fact that there's even 1 is kind of amazing to me. And this has been confirmed by multiple methods including analyzing the air bubbles trapped in the rock matching Mars's atmosphere.
Flying to Mars and then flying back is incredibly complicated and much more expensive. Rather than sending an exploratory rover or a satellite, you have to basically send an entire launch vehicle when we've never launched anything into orbit from Mars before. And it has to operate essentially autonomously (for the launch).
Even missions to get samples from comets and asteroids are far less complicated because you're not dropping into a gravity well with just enough atmosphere to cover all your stuff in dust but not enough for atmospheric braking. Mars has the exact wrong amount of atmosphere.
Obviously samples returned from Mars would be better but it diminishes the value when we already have samples here. So the huge price tag and incredible engineering complexity becomes harder to justify.
The martian samples from meteors found on Earth aren't as good as the samples we'd get from a Mars Sample Return Mission because they have been in contact with stuff like water, air and who knows what else
This mission is representative of what JPL has become. Leadership there increased the cost of the program to $11B and would not bring the samples back until 2040, they also designed the mission around legacy rockets like Ariane 64 instead of working to lower costs and increase capacity by working with industry and designing around Starship or New Glenn. The moon missions brought back 842 pounds of rocks and MSL would bring back 1.1 pounds. It’s directionally better to wait for manned missions to Mars so we can bring back tons of rocks or even do the research on Mars itself. It seems like the JPL mission is maximized to provide jobs to researchers and maximized for mission complexity rather than just buying rocks from a contractor with quoted price and lead time.
I’d be interested in working there to help accelerate the program but I’m not if I would get support internally.
It’s directionally better to wait for manned missions to Mars so we can bring back tons of rocks or even do the research on Mars itself.
I'm worried it's arguments like this that doomed MSR [0]. Why spend 11 billion to get a couple rocks back in 2040 when Starship will be sending astronauts in 2030? But now it seems the near term goals of the Starship program are changing. At this point, who knows when we'll send people to Mars?
buying rocks from a contractor with quoted price and lead time
I don't know about you but I'm not hearing anyone say they've reserved Starship mass-to-Mars-and-back. You're right that we should rely on private industry more. The CLPS program is the most comparable example (although time will tell whether it's a good one). But for a mission with the risk tolerance of MSR, the CLPS model doesn't work, IMO.
And meanwhile the Chinese are planning on launching their sample return in 2028. They're gonna beat us by a decade.
Portugal was the first to find a direct sea route to India and had a 100 year head start with the trade route but they still got mogged by the Dutch East India Co in terms of cargo tonnage shipped.
We should aim for the long game. An insanely expensive one-time mission using disposable rockets to analyze rocks that we've already analyzed with rovers is probably not the best path.
That is literally the only reason anyone has invested in outer space. Even scientific missions are done with a dual national defense purpose. Think of it like PR whitewashing of the military and geopolitical reasons that motivate funding.
Notice how the US space interest rapidly dried up with the death of the Soviet Union. I’m not sure if China really motivates the same thing because it’s an authoritarian semi-capitalist society - it’s the communist “people owning the means of production” that gets capitalists really worried.
Not that I have a solution, but isn’t that kind of disappointing? Why don’t we just do it directly, rather than only as a side effect of needless conflicts?
People suffered under the totalitarian regime and corruption. The central planning was also a problem in terms of making sure that goods production could meet what people needed. China’s semi-capitalist system with the authoritarian government stepping in when the companies don’t cooperate is an attempt to adapt to retaining communism while letting go of central planning. And this system is acceptable by western capitalists. This is a criticism of the West and its adherence to capitalism rather than liberal ideas, not an endorsement of “communism”*
* most people use communism as short hand for central planning which IMHO was the major economic problem that caused economically slow growth and lack of goods. combined with the authoritarian repression that caused a different kind of suffering. But neither of those is required by a communist political movement.
There have been 20,000 voluntary communes in the US. They all failed. Communism doesn't work, whether it is forcible or voluntary. No commune or centrally planned economy has ever managed to feed itself. Hence the suffering.
That's a valid response, and I think it gets at the core of why we do planetary science. There are no military or economic applications of knowing what Martian soil is made out of, or why it lost its atmosphere, or whether life evolved there too. So why do both the US and China fund these missions at all? And does it matter if China returns samples first?
First, I would say that in the process of answering these questions, we develop technologies that often have military or economic benefits (technology transfer). There's something about trying to solve problems humanity has not faced before that causes this. We talk a lot about solution spaces, but problem spaces are maybe more important!
Second, there are intangible benefits to answering these questions, which accrue to those who answer them, but also to all of humanity. Prestige, soft power, research expertise, for the one who answers them. And for all of humanity, we gain perspective, awe, wonder, togetherness, curiosity, joy, a whole suite of feelings.
If China discovers life on Mars first, which is absolutely a possibility, would we even bother with being second? I think it's too optimistic to assume it's inevitable that we will do a Mars sample return mission. And if we don't, we'd miss out on all the technology transfer benefits. Being in a race is very motivating.
Definitely haven't made a complete argument here, but those are my thoughts. I know there are more concrete, pressing issues out there. But we don't all have to save the world. We just have to do our part and be decent human beings.
There are no military or economic applications of knowing what Martian soil is made out of, or why it lost its atmosphere, or whether life evolved there too.
That should start with, "There is no _known_..."
Unknown unknowns are why people who care about economics and power (governments) care about science.
Think of all of the science that goes into firing and controlling a precision guided missile. How much of that technology was created for military purposes.
One huge benefit that can't be overstated is the perception that we can still do great things as a society. Contrary to what many might think the program to put a man on the Moon wasn't particularly popular in the 60s. Yet when we landed on the Moon very near to 100% of households were watching the broadcast of it on television, and that achievement set the stage for what was possible - which was anything. And generally it's going to make you proud to be an American.
China in the current era is doing sample returns from the Moon, building horizontal skyscrapers, hosting a 'robotic olympics' where they're breaking all sorts of human records in quite impressive looking ways [1], and much more. And now just casually blowing by the US in space capability? To say nothing of it coming scarcely more than a decade after we banned them from the ISS [2] for fear they'd still all our super secret space sauce? That's going to do crazy good things for the morale, mindset, and broader unity of a society.
Basically a good reason to do cool things is to do cool things. I think one quantifiable result of this sort of stuff is that now we live in a society where most American kids want to be YouTubers, while most Chinese kids want to be astronauts. [3] It's not hard to see how that sort of upbringing is going to shape the future generations of a society.
It’s totally feasible that starship wouldn’t need to rely on humans to get the rock - a scouting mission to mars with starship could likely use robotics to grab a few rocks, sent years ahead of humans. The only really technical hurdle between then and now is proving starship orbital capability (this month), recovery and relaunch from mars, refueling, some robots.
Yall, we're not putting humans on Mars anytime soon.
Okay, okay, rather we're not getting humans back off of Mars anytime soon.
Landing is by far the easy part. MSR was partly a mission to see how hard it really is to get anything back into space from the Martian surface. If you can manage a pound, you can probably then manage 3 or so 180 pound humans and all their safety support.
Like, think of it. You somehow have to land a fully fueled rocket on freaking Mars. No site prep, near vacuum and no aero breaking, very expensive and nearly impossible second chance.
Fine fine, you just land the shell and then refuel on Mars with some form of automated fuel refinery on Mars. Like, if you have robots that can do that, you've ended capitalism already and have no need for humans in the first place.
Im not saying a human return mission is impossible, but it is just so very much harder than a Trillion dollar Apollo program lets us believe.
People have successfully dropped autonomous robots onto Mars before. Wouldn't be out of the question to do so again, except that instead of rovers, the robots could be programmed to open up crates (dropped at the same time, or by a previous or future mission) and assemble what's inside into a landing or launch pad.
Would take a lot of prep missions, and might not be worth the cost, but in theory it's doable. Curiosity massed 900 kg and Perseverance massed 1025 kg according to Wikipedia, so dropping a metric ton of supplies for the robot to assemble would, again in theory, be feasible. (In practice the equipment for landing the supply crates safely would take up a good chunk of the mass budget, but there should be something left over in the mass budget for the crates to contain).
If you have robots like this, why send humans in the first place then? You've already got the bots that can do pretty much everything a human could want to do and you don't have to get them back off Mars.
Yeah, and his mom was just in the news saying he really wants to live on Mars, so he can tweet about the samples in-between fertilizing his potatoes. :)
I hope that one of these days my great grandchildren will be able to go to the Smithsonian and see the beat up and dusty Curiosity rover live and in the proverbial flesh.
And noone has yet mentioned SpaceXman ?
It's pocket money to him, would be a great demonstration of philanthropy as well as "private research ability".
Total starship mission including launches is 15 billion to date , and it’s on the verge of entering limited commercial service . Maybe without re use but as a much cheaper super heavy rocket , like 10x cheaper without re use already .
It make sense to a certain extent to focus on a capability researches vs largely throw away mission to deliver a few rocks for 20 billions.
Right. It's much better to spend tax dollars on useless wars and furthering the Zionist and imperialist causes, than spending said tax dollars on doing actual, real, valuable science. Which maybe, just maybe, answers some fundamental questions which we have sought the answer to for eons beyond remembrance.
So bloody frustrating and completely unsurprising.
Trump and his cronies will do a lot more damage. It is in my opinion de-facto a dictatorship here at work. Recent polls have a support base of ~33% only. That's not sustainable in a democracy. Why can he still cling to power?
The House and Senate GOP are afraid of his voter base and act accordingly in lock step and 33 percent of all voters still gives him greater than 60 percent likely GOP voter approval. So this boils down to House should have expanded from 435 and Senate was a mistake unless one thinks land area of happenstance state lines is good proxy for decision making power (since competent and determined minority in senate can just stop things from happening also as opposed to number of votes of entire nation for presidential election)
This article reads like self-pity propaganda from the institutions and scientists who benefited from the old NASA funding model and now see that model being dismantled.
The underlying program was in trouble. NASA had already concluded before Isaacman took over that the existing Mars Sample Return architecture had become a roughly $8–11 billion project with samples potentially not reaching Earth until around 2040.
So yes: NASA killed the bloated $11B / 2040 version of Mars Sample Return.
Isaacman is pushing NASA’s Mars program toward cheaper, faster, modular missions, greater use of commercial spacecraft and launch providers, and infrastructure that can support both science and eventual human exploration.
That makes the “NASA is abandoning Mars science” framing fake news. NASA is abandoning a specific, extremely expensive architecture.
Isaacman has explicitly left open the possibility of retrieving Perseverance’s samples through a different approach.
The real question is to what extent the new model will actually deliver the samples faster and for dramatically less money.
NASA, with the best leadership it has ever had, is cutting absurdly wasteful, over-budget programs that will never launch, to focus on actually getting things done.
Since the start the whole program was simply a scam, that is all there is to it, everyone involved knew it was a scam.
I can guarantee you that China will bring back samples before the US, simply because their program was built to bring back results, practically, while NASA's was meant to subsidize PHDs of people involved, while baiting people with "aliens!!!!1", there is no reason why the state should be funding the PHDs of people involved with niche/weird research rather than focus on what the vast majority want and support NASA for.
You can have obscure research as a side mission, not the core, while blatantly lying too.
The Iran war has points, namely preventing a dedicated American enemy from getting nuclear weapons, contributing to Trump's legacy, and probably something to do with Israel.
The problem is that it can't be won with current USA capabilities and everyone not in MAGA already knew this yet Trump started it anyway.
The Ukrainians even offered drone defences before it started and were publically rebuffed by Trump. The ignorance and hubris of the Trump administration is truly remarkable.
If, in reflection, I may contribute to that effort, 'the point' of something is much more about its goals than something 'being pointless' which is more about outcomes. Which is interesting since you would assume they would align in meaning more having the same base word.
When a person says something is pointless they either mean there was actually no significant intent behind it OR a judgement that the intent/plan/achievability behind whatever point there is, is of such low quality that there might as well not have been any intent behind it at all.
Trying to keep yourself dry with a newspaper over your head in a hurricane: pointless.
IIRC it was the people from Pakistan that did 9/11, now these people have nuclear weapons. Iranians didn’t do any 9/11 in USA but somehow they are not allowed nuclear weapons? How is this supposed to make sense?
Preventing a dedicated American enemy to get nukes, an enemy of which the American intelligence agencies said there is currently no sign they work to get nukes and with which you had deals to prevent them from doing so.
Sorry, but all you did was:
1. Showed them and the world that treaties with you are worth nothing
2. Showed them and the world, to gain the respect of the US, you need nukes. Decades of loyalty, treaties or good partner have been shown to be worth nothing, while being an authoritarian dictatorship and having nukes are respected.
3. Showed them and the world that having US bases on your soil is a liability and not a protection.
All in all if you were US president and your task was to destroy the US' standing in the world, there is not much more you could have done.
The JCPOA was effectively theatre, and I'm genuinely surprised to see someone defending it. Most notably, it restricted where the International Atomic Energy Agency could inspect. For example, Iran had broad remit to deny entry to military installations in part or whole. Further, even when the IAEA suspected enrichment at an undeclared site, it could take up to 24 days to receive permission to inspect. Even then, Iran guided inspectors to pre-approved sections of the sites.
Further, the agreement allowed Iran to develop more advanced centrifuges. The kind which could be used to enrich uranium to weapons grade.
Further, the agreement left substantial nuclear infrastructure and expertise intact. For example, Fordow was not dismantled and 1,044 IR-1 centrifuges remained there. Natanz also retained thousands of operating centrifuges.
In 2025, the IAEA concluded that Iran had failed to declare nuclear material and nuclear-related activities at Lavisan-Shian, Varamin, and Turquzabad, and could not determine the whereabouts of some nuclear material.
The JCPOA allowed Iran to significantly expand its military capabilities and strengthen the regime via economic sanction relief, the release of hundreds of billions of dollars of Iranian international assets, and normalisation of trade (most notably oil). Iran used this opportunity to consolidate power without any material commitment or action towards sustainable cessation of nuclear weapons research and capability.
One could argue that it was the best of all bad options on the table, but let us not pretend it was a good option. Iran has been funding death and terrorism all over the world for decades. Its stated goal is the annihilation of many Western nations. The treatment of its own people is beyond comprehension and description. It routinely practises the rape of virgin women before execution (for things like not dressing modestly, or protesting), so that these young women will end up in hell. If the world were just, the entire world would unite to invade Iran, remove the dictator class from power, and implement democracy.
Just to be crystal clear: none of what I have written states nor implies that Trump has handled this conflict well.
How long would the Iran war have to continue to have cost as much as to fund the NASA mission, or have we already passed that point ?
Also, the war cannot be won without boots on the ground, and that is also not feasible as you need 2-4x the amount of soldiers that the enemy nation has to successfully conquer a nation (as per the US Army / CIA handbook), and Iran has about a million soldiers, so 2-4 million US soldiers would be required for that.
It would literally turn into another Vietnam or Afghanistan. Unfriendly terrain where everything needs to be flown or sailed in, hostile population where the US has been painted as the "big devil" for 50+ years.
Speaking of Afghanistan, Taliban had 58,000 "soldiers", and we sent almost 600,000 soldiers there (peak strength) and still lost the war, and Iran is very similar to Afghanistan.
On the other hand, a US retreat would mean Iran keeps the chokehold on global oil reserves, and are free to develop nukes, with any future missions by the US to limit their nuclear weapon research resulting in a worse situation than before.
So yeah, basically a forever war, one that everybody that knows even the tiniest bit about the Middle East has advised against pretty much forever.
Unless the President decides to eat some humble pie and basically surrender, this one is end up much worse than Vietnam, and the ramifications global.
What worries me the most is that I can’t imagine students and citizens going to protest en masse on the streets against the war. They’re too busy to complain on X and Tiktok to do anything about it.
Unless the President decides to eat some humble pie and basically surrender
I don't think that option even exists. In my opinion the world order changed this year, the USA w/ it's trillions of dollars of GDP and huge military lost it's grip on the ME.
Even assuming a diffrent president, the situation is much worse than it was 7 months ago.
Iran basically holds global oil supplies in a chokehold, and should the US choose to withdraw unconditionally today, Iran would still collect tariffs on all ships passing the strait, and be free to develop nuclear weapons.
Who's going to stop them ? Any attack would simply further constrain oil supplies, with increased costs as a direct consequence.
Regardless of the outcome, global oil prices have taken a permanent hike up. They'll likely drop quite a bit if/when the war ends, and Iran (or allies) stops bombing Saudi oil pipes, and likely also when the Ukraine/Russia war ends, where Russia can alleviate some of the pressure on asia.
If nothing else, its at least driving adoption of the electrification of the western society, and I'm seeing heat pumps and EVs selling at an increased pace. That obviously doesn't help if your electrical grid is also fossil fuel based, but there are also major renewable energy plants being commissioned.
In 2020 Musk claimed to be "highly confident" of landing humans on Mars by 2026. So they should be there any moment, can pick them up and bring them back.
More seriously some Starship related stuff may work one day?
Most of the long shot human advancements today are being done by China.
Some other countries might still develop ideas but when it's time to actually put it into practice and scale it seems it'll always require the Chinese to play a huge part in it. They're the only ones with appetite for "unprofitable" projects that have returns in decades.
Yep - the Chinese space program seems very long term and strategic in nature, both incrementally working towards moon landing and moon base, and beyond. It's obviously great for inspiring generations of kids to get into STEM, as well as national prestige, maybe a good driver for things like robotics and AI as well.
https://archive.is/YYx0d
My brother in law (JPL) was telling me about this earlier in August. Big letdown but he assured me that they'll come back to earth some day ... just gonna sit up there a long time.
This article only obliquely mentions in the last paragraphs, but there's a parallel Chinese program that recently brought back samples from the moon, and will attempt Mars sample return, launching in 2028,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianwen-3
it's just that NASA has given up on being the one to do it first.
No need to. Mars delivers:
https://www.nytimes.com/2026/09/20/arts/who-owns-this-chunk-...
Anyone wanting to be involved in the future of scientific research should probably start learning Mandarin. We're going the way of the Soviets, where political officers will quash any science that doesn't fit their ideology. https://arstechnica.com/science/2026/09/trump-planning-to-ha...
https://thegoodshirts.com/products/hello-i-am-fleeing-the-am...
https://www.tacobell.com/newsroom/yum-china-brings-more-taco...
Problem solved, but what about the white monster energy drinks?
https://thegoodshirts.com/products/hello-i-am-fleeing-the-am...
Also not an issue.
http://www.img.chinafoodsltd.com/Uploads/Zlkkkl/Picture/2021...
https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2026/06/08/monster-use...
Do we really need to frame China’s succes here in terms of American decline? Do you think everyone outside the US views the moonlanding as a black page in history?
It’s fine to talk about a “race” if jingoism is the thing that gets most people on board with funding Nasa. But we ought to know better.
Former Soviet people might...
The Soviets launched the first satellite, put the first animal into space, launched the first lunar probe, got the first photographs of the dark side of the moon, put the first human in space, put the first woman in space, put the first craft with more than one crew member into space, did the first spacewalk, sent the first probe to Venus, got the first pictures of another planet, and launched the first space station.
The moon landing was fine and all, a moment of global historic import (and propaganda value, with the US putting their flag on it like they owned the damned thing) but that's still just one victory in a race that was otherwise entirely dominated by the Soviets, and on balance what the Soviets did was of greater scientific merit than anything the US would achieve for years. Americans didn't even care about space until Russia flew Sputnik over their heads.
We realized we needed a delivery mechanism for nuclear weapons before Russia was able to build an ICBM.
Space? That was excellent marketing.
That was a factor in the initial stages of the space race. But military and civilian launch technologies diverged once things really got going. The military switched to solid rocket launchers to improve safety and reliability but those couldn't be used as the core of human rated rockets.
As someone from the former USSR, I find that hard to imagine. Downright denial that the moon landings even happened, sure, but seeing them as a bad event? Not really likely.
Maybe not a bad event in itself, but a sign of decline to come perhaps?
They have much more concrete ‘local’ examples (from the people I know). Moon landing never came up.
They were the first to orbit, after all.
Everyone under the age of 45 has a right to be pissed at the way things have gone. They inherited a shitshow that they never had any real power to stop or fix.
Boomers and Silents (and, to a lesser and understandable extent re: Challenger, Gen X) should be ashamed, though.
I get harangued every time I point the finger, but for Pete's sake, Millennials didn't do this. Millennials wanted to go to Space Camp. It has to be SOMEONE'S fault. SOMEONE take responsibility.
It's hard to imagine, since the moonlandings, if America kept its pace in space exploration, how far ahead of everyone else it would be, but also how far along everyone else would be. America was the catalyst for the impossible in that era, and then we decided to abandon it for... basically nothing. Enriching corporations, I guess?
People took issue with the cost of space exploration in context of "the good the money could do here on Earth", but then when we shifted resources that way, the money did absolutely no good here on Earth.
The US is still significantly ahead of everyone else in space. It’s just that NASA has become a shadow of its past self.
Maybe it’s better this way. There is a tendency of every organization, private or public, to rot and stagnate over time. But in the private sectors they die more quickly and give way to new entrants, which would help space exploration long term.
So things like curing AIDS don't count?
The collapse of the USSR was the worst thing to happen to NASA.
I would suggest a watch of "We Stopped Dreaming" https://youtu.be/CbIZU8cQWXc
A less angry version (video and transcript of Neil DeGrasse Tyson testifying before the Senate's Science Committee on 7 March 2012) https://ifsa.my/articles/we-stopped-dreaming-by-neil-degrass...
I'm skeptical that space exploration in particular was meaningfully responsible for the list of consumer-facing technologies Tyson mentioned in his speech. If anything, I think that technological development created to serve Earth-based demand also has benefits for making space exploration cheaper and easier - computers have gotten way cheaper and way more powerful since the Apollo Guidance Computer, which has obviously affected the entire world in countless ways but also means that we can computerize every aspect of space launches, generally for good.
It clearly was, at least in several examples. It looks like he's getting it right from NASA:
https://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff1996/43.html
https://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff2003/hm_3.html
https://spinoff.nasa.gov/node/9275
https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Telescope-Mirror-Tech-Improves-Eye-...
Apollo program was canceled during Nixon's presidency while the Cold War was very much still active (though slowing down a little from detente). A few years later Reagan won on a platform of re-accelerating the Cold War with swelling military budgets and deficit spending, but without commiserate increases to space exploration and science.
The Space Race was a unique and limited phase coming out of the atomic age when public support for scientific research was at an all time high. With the Kennedy and Johnson administrations willing to fund programs left and right to improve education and research with long term aims. The Soviets were also at the apogee of their scientific capability, and Khrushchev did great PR for all their achievements which unnerved Americans and provided the Cold War justification for new domestic programs.
Once the Brezhnev age of stagnation and lopsided USSR military spending set in, the new Cold War 2.0 became about numbers of delivery vehicles and NATO conventional deterrence, not space and science. By then the US had clear technological dominance that seemed insurmountable in the new world of microchips and computers in which the Soviets couldn't compete. Which allowed Reagan to boost military budgets and deficit spending while simultaneously beginning the Republican "starve the beast" strategy to cut taxes and non-military domestic programs.
All of this is to point out that Cold War = Space Race/Apollo is looking back with rose colored glasses. We could just as easily see federal space and science spending getting further slashed every year while churning out warheads, delivery vehicles and conventional arms ever faster (and seems more likely based on late Cold War trends).
President Nixon cancelled NASA manned deep space exploration programs due to rising costs from the Space Shuttle program and the Vietnam War. It wasn't politically sustainable to keep funding everything. With the benefit of hindsight one could argue that we should have withdrawn sooner from Vietnam and cancelled the Space Shuttle program.
What view do you have on the trajectory of the U.S.? Is America ascending or declining?
The success China is having isn’t something that’s occurring in isolation. There is a void and they are filling it.
What view do you have of what programs have been cut from Chinese government budgets? Can you link to some of the HN discussions around them so I can also see people commenting on the internal policy decisions that the Chinese government has made available for people to openly comment on?
I think you mistake my position for being pro China.
America was a bulwark against Chinese expansion, and that ended a while back, maybe with WTO entry?
International relations under this regime is a new poison, and is aiding some awful regimes.
tbf, jingoism is literally what funded NASA.
And ironically the US very much considers itself to be in a race with China including in space, it's just run by such thundering morons that most of the moves they make advance China's interests more than theirs. Now the cancellation of Mars Sample Return isn't that big an issue in terms of strategic benefit or decline narratives, nor is it a particularly massive surprise (the program's issues are longer term than just current administration cuts). But there is a certain irony in some of the people most interested in scorekeeping with China (and for that matter Mars!) being the ones likely to ensure China pulls off the sample return first.
Peofle often complain that Trump is a "Russian asset" when he's done far more to boost China's success than Russia's.
All China had to do was keep doing what China was already doing.
When your enemy is making a mistake don't interrupt them and all that jazz.
It's the other way around. He's framing America's decline in terms of Chinese success.
The Chinese rise is also remarkable in its own terms, but it's not the subject of discussion here. The subject here is how the US is under cutting its former preeminence in science.
They are co-occurring facts in the same area and the only reason China’s success is relevant in this discussion is because it is co-occurring with and in the same field as the American decline that is (unlike the tangential Chinese angle) directly relevant to the story here.
So, in this specific case, if we are going to mention China at all, the answer is yes. Not because the two things are so linked that they ALWAYS need to be discussed together, but because that is the relevant nexus between the present subject and China at all.
This doesn’t actually represent an American decline in space exploration, though.
The NASA/ESA Mars sample return was poorly designed, they basically attached a half baked idea to the Perseverance mission in the hopes that having the mission “underway” would make it easier to fund the rest of the mission. That meant Perseverance was just putting things in tubes and leaving them sealed on the ground at random places around Mars. So that meant they would need to devise another system to go collect them, another system to store and launch them, and another system to return them to Earth. That’s a ridiculous process. The costs exploded, the gambit failed.
China’s was much better planned, having the rover and launch vehicle land together, fully funded from the beginning. However, it’s also much simpler, there’s no picking and choosing what to sample from a wide area, it’s just whatever is available to the lander wherever it happens to land.
And this would not have been the only future mission to deep space. The US is going to land a fleet of drones on Mars. They’re launching a nuclear powered drone to Titan.
The US has led the world in reusable rocket development, satellite constellations, and crewed LEO operations.
The big picture is clear. This one mission doesn’t really say much about the space program in general.
That’s not quite true - Perseverance has tubes for every tube (10) it left behind. The tubes left behind are the backups in case something happened to Perseverance- the main tubes are on board and can be collected all at once when from the rover.
The point is that they’d have to be picked up and retrieved at all, even from Perseverance.
That alone is a separate multibillion dollar program just to do that.
where political officers will quash any science that doesn't fit their ideology
China also does this. We just don't hear about it because they also quash the reporting.
Those responsible for reporting on the quashing of the reporting have been quashed.
You mean Like the Whitehouse press room today?
In the future of news, we'll have only OANN, Breitbart, Newsmax, and whatever that "newspaper" is that the Moonies run. Washington Times?
I am sure this is nothing to be concerned about whatsoever.
Epoch Times/Falun Dafa is sad you ignore them.
best thing as always - simply do not read the news. take care of yourself and your family, reading the news is futile. been quite some time since "news people" reported on actual news
Is there any reason to think that their "ideology" is contradictory to scientific findings or is this just the traditional instinct to see all foreigners as mustache-twirling villains?
They have suppressed reporting of the deaths and missing from Kyirong Valley and Gyirong Port landslide. Surviving relatives living outside the area would appreciate information but the Chinese Government would prefer that everyone just move along.
I'd suggest looking into the story of Naomi Wu, who many here would know for her videos on the Chinese maker and electronics scene.
They absolutely enforce ideological positions in opposition to science, and very aggressively so.
There is no waffle room on this.
Don’t fuck with the money/power. Always been that way, always will - ideology be damned.
Yeah there are MAJOR reasons that a huge amount of Chinese scientists immigrate to the US every year, but almost no US scientists immigrate to China.
These are smart people, they’re not going to make major life decisions based on simplistic takes from political opportunists.
The reason is money. The US has the world reserve currency which basically means infinite money. This will soon end and China will have the world reserve currency.
Its also close to impossible to immigrate to China. I've checked it out myself since I'm really impressed by the work Huawei is doing with high density wireless nnetworks. HK was an easier (still difficult) path, but I haven't checked again since it changed hands.
It will not end soon nor will China "have the world reserve currency". The primary reason is China doesn't want that "reserve currency" because they have to run structural deficits to support it, which is counter to their export-oriented economy.
A reserve currency is just a currency that central banks and other important institutions hold in "reserve". The Euro is a reserve currency, as is the Yen, Pound, and others. The American dollar is the primary one, and that usage will ebb and flow over time, but it's arguable that no longer being the primary one is a good thing as it will make American exports more competitive among other things. I don't think I agree but folks have very reasonable and competing takes on this.
The world also isn't going to adopt a Chinese currency as a reserve currency either because China would have to make liberalizing economic reforms which would run counter to the control that the CCP has over the country (why people keep forgetting that China is run by an authoritarian group is beyond me but whatever) and so they won't make those reforms and the world just won't adopt that currency.
US has/had the best schools in the world. US provides/provided remarkable academic independence (tenure, etc). US provides/provided the best expected economic return to foreign scientists.
As we dismantle those components via xenophobia, anti-intellectualism, funding cuts, and so on, trends will change. Already I see a substantial uptick in my PhD/Academic friends moving to Europe as we cede our historic advantages.
If, in say 15 years, China provides better schools, or better economic returns, or (perhaps unlikely) better independence, or all 3, then scientists will go there.
China is labeled an authoritarian regime while the US is labeled a liberal democracy, are you saying the behavioural standard for a liberal democracy is the behaviour of an authoritarian regime?
We’ve always been at war with East Asia.
The US has a lot of rights on paper but in practice the country is run by religious nut jobs and billionaire sociopaths.
Unfortunately all across the West we see a new desire for fascism over individualism and liberty.
Oh, no! How did it happen that a country founded by religious fanatics and capitalism supporters (and who literally killed almost all natives) is run by religious nut jobs and billionaire sociopaths?
At least we definitely know they shouldn't be learning German or French
A few hours ago I was looking for some food safety information, found a US gov website posted on reddit and
The website wasn't available anymore
Wow, what Chinese government site in Mandarin did you use instead?
Try learning German or French
I think you might be looking the wrong direction along the timeline.
yeah seriously
I don’t understand the point you are trying to make. Is it that since the person didn’t find the page they were looking for, they must be a Chinese plant?
Try reading the entire context of the thread this time.
It's a bit of a poor example as well, because there was a long time when people were importing Australian baby formula into China because they didn't trust the food safety standards there.
We also inverted the food pyramid recently since the whole thing reeked of big sugar/grain lobby, it can take a while for research to percolate above propoganda, and I'm not above suspecting the new pyramid of having its bias'
New pyramid leans very heavily on meat and dairy which goes contrary to most long term dietary studies. Those are industries that lobby heavily.
Big Bread vs Big Cow. Both are needed for pizza so maybe we can swap the pyramid for a rectangular "office tower" shape and call it a truce. Good opportunity for Big Pizza.
Yeah the new one is trash. Meant and dairy are correlated with bad health outcomes. The Danish food piramid is legit. More legumes, whole veggies etc
https://www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/1hpiuem/the_officia...
This sounds exactly like the "Mediterranean diet" my doctor recommended to me a long time ago.
Go check out the grants which were cancelled:
https://grantwitness.org/nsf
Download the CSV and search for things like "Latinx" or "Black" or "equity" or "URM" (URM = non-white)
Most of these are pure racism and absolutely deserved to be revoked.
Yeah classic woke stuff that
This would be funny if it wasn't happening in real life. Clearly they did "ctrl-f diversity" and didn't actually read what they were cancelling.
Jan 3rd is coming soon to an impeachment near you.
Steady as she goes, Mr. Sulu.
There is no possible scenario where the senate, even post-midterms, votes to convict. And if they did, which they will not, the vice-president stands waiting to give us more or the same, or maybe worse.
It isn't like the VP hasn't done impeachable offenses.
They could get warmed up for it by first impeaching Pete Hegseth and RFK.
They wouldn't bother -- those people are obviously fully endorsed by the mainstream of their party.
Well, at the very least they can pump the brakes on the stupid by giving power back to congress.
Stop rubber stamping stupidity like RFK, pass a war powers resolution, and reign in the vengeance based tariffs.
What’s the relevance of your point to this article? The program is extremely over budget and taking money from other projects. The previous administration sent NASA back to the drawing board on the project as well: https://www.courthousenews.com/nasa-goes-back-to-drawing-boa...
Oh do you mean like shunning scientists wanting to investigate if covid leaked from the nearby covid virus lab that was researching gain of function?
And kicking people off of twitter and facebook for similar banned thoughts?
I think the defining moment is that IF China gets man back to the moon before the US, that will be the moment when it becomes too hard to ignore. That is the new political high ground.
The Chang’e missions plan for this in 2030 and they have hit every target to date. While the US is currently targeting 2028, it isn't inconceivable that it can slip by two years.
When has the US ever hit a target? I mean, in recent memory anyway. 10 years of budget overruns are more likely.
but now the culture is differences, there is so many private space company that actually making it works
"Congratulations to China! They were the second nation to land on the Moon, just a few decades after the greatest nation in history landed there first, the United States of America.
We are not in a hurry now, because we already won that race many decades ago!
Thank you for your attention to this matter.
President Donald J. TRUMP"
The Fake News Media is reporting that NASA completely lost the Moon race to China. A total disaster! Under my Administration, Space Force is winning BIG. Now, Beijing is supposedly up there doing who knows what. Fake flags, very low quality! The moon is ours, and Mars too (which the Moon is part of!). MAKE AMERICA SPACE AGAIN!
President Donald J Trump
That could trigger another space race. Though I am not betting money on that one.
Who is spending money for prestige these days? It feels more like the powerful are hoarding for an apocalypse.
I suspect it would be like the Apollo missions. It is on for a few years but then they just sort of give up.
I think that would just end in people who had nothing to do with Apollo (having been children or born after) claiming that it didn't matter because America had been there decades ago, rather than looking inwards and considering what it says to have lost the means to go back.
Problem is most will never agree on what it is that's changed causing the degradation and those causing it don't want us noticing...
Did you say COVID 19?
That's propaganda.
Chinese speak English. I mean, you only need to watch youtube videos here.
Mandarin is high on my list, but its almost all for business and the people wouldn't be interested in me (different melanin). Whereas socially our Ukrainian and Russian refugees are way more interested in me, and there's potentially some business anyway.
More business in China though, tricky to prioritize since I'm doing any of this for the abundance of intimacy and the slavic people come with that, for me. I need to learn Mandarin and Russian.
at least Cantonese is no longer seriously a contender in my sphere. That was distracting
Where are you based? Seems an interesting mix.
Los Angeles
research funding meddled in politic doomed western progress
knowing what I know about the way sceptical doctors were threatened during covid, the ars article confirms the covid zealots still have a flock. ars was over when conde nast bought them, this proves it.
I think that the scientific community really doesn't care about who will bring the samples back, but simply wheter someone will do it and share them with the world
The NASA/ESA MSR was of substantially higher quality, mind you. The M2020 rover specifically picked up samples of high scientific value to be returned. The Chinese return mission will only return what it finds from its direct landing site.
It's not like they're going to do it only once though, and some is a lot more then zero.
It would be cool if NASA worked with the Chinese agency to collect those cores using their rocket, it would be a win win.
Unfortunately, they can't:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Amendment
Sounds like they blew it. What a shame.
like the US doesn't do the same?
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/03/23/world/asia/23...
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/world/asia/nsa-breached-c...
Also they’re no where near each other. These Chinese rover cannot get there.
Also also, if China were to create a new mission to collect them, they would see their costs balloon to unsustainable levels as well, as the issue is how the mission is designed. The samples are all over the place and would need a rover specifically designed to collect them and return them to a launcher.
The US Mars sample return project was always half baked in the hopes that doing something would garner funding for the rest of the mission.
Not true - only ten samples were dropped off at a “depot” close to each other. The rest are on-board Perseverance and can be picked up all at once, which was always the primary plan.
The point is that they’d have to be picked up and retrieved at all, even from Perseverance.
That alone is a separate multibillion dollar program just to do that.
Could the Chinese mission just take the US samples without the US's permission?
Interesting question. Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty [1] states:
It is clear, then, that the sample containers are still the property of the US, and that if the Chinese brought them back to Earth, they would be required to give them to the US.
[1] https://www.unoosa.org/unoosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/o...
Wolf says they can with FBI and congressional approval. I'm sure if some (probably future) president asked for that it could be sorted.
Right - because the best engineering is done in a high stakes big bang of upmost complexity rather than iterative improvement?
Not only are political officers making science decisions, but nasa lost its way in the depths of over engineered missions due to requiring a senator to be bribed by the quantity of home stage work.
If it doesn't happen then its of worse quality.
I think the Trump admin decided since it will not make them a profit, like other scientific research already canceled, it is not worth doing.
This is so disappointing. The closest thing we ever discovered to life on other planets and the US won't even put 0.5% of budget towards retrieving it.
That would be a MASSIVE portion of the budget for a single discretionary item.
I guess I should clarify, I meant 0.5% to NASA in general. Right now it's 0.33%. In 2002 it was 0.72%.
The article says $11 billion. That’s ridiculous.
…ridiculously low compared to a Defense budget of $1500 billion? Agreed.
I’d rather have a defense system over space junk.
And now you have none.
What kind of defence system is to start wars with countries that don't pose any threats on you?
We cannot cancel anything ever because each program is only 0.001% of the federal budget. To do so would be stingy.
Or we could look at the utterly stupid things, like maybe stop having a failed war in Iran, and just not pay for those? Thats a very big chunk of budget. As a bonus it would bring gas prices down, reduce future spending in VA and other combat veteran costs, and just possible help make the case for reducing the size and expense of our military (while still maintaining the 2 largest air forces in the world).
That'd be a strawman.
What makes you think the poster you responded to agrees with the Iran war expense? He simply commented on how difficult it is to cut anything from the Federal budget. He's right. Remember when all the lunatics were out keying Teslas a few short months ago?
No, its not a strawman. Cutting tiny things from the budget to save money when there are big obvious wastes right out in front is fucking stupid. Complaining about how hard it is to cut tiny things from the budget when there are giant obvious wastes out in front is equally as stupid.
If you want to seriously affect the budget, go for the things that burn large piles of money first.
And Europe is even worse, it's embarrassing.
I never really understood why you'd have Perseverance drill the cores and then just leave them on the ground for an underdefined future mission to retrieve.
Because the powers that be would have deemed a real plan as too expensive.
Who are these "powers that be"? And do they have an infinite credit card? Could they really just do whatever they want and for some reason they choose not to?
The powers that be are the US federal government. Their credit card is extremely large, but that money is going towards wars and weapons.
Mostly towards social insurance for old people.
Yes. They decided that it was more valuable spending a trillion dollars bombing people halfway around the world (and enriching weapons companies in the process) than it would be to spend a few billion advancing science.
NASA's budget is $24 billion this year. That's substantially larger than even Trump asked for, which was $16 billion. For reference, the ESA, the entirety of the EU's budget for space exploration and enterprise: $8 billion.
USA has two goddamn robots on Mars. And multiple others orbiting the planet itself. And also a couple that have left our solar system.
The Trump administration wanted to cut NASA's science budget in half, so the final number ($7.25B) is about 1% less than last year's budget. https://www.science.org/content/article/nasa-s-mars-sample-r...
Which congress rejected, they are the ones who control NASA's budget.
The war in Iran costs about $95m a day and is already over $43b cost to the taxpayers, just in military spending. That's nearly two NASA budgets in just over 200 days.
The "powers that be" chose to lose a completely optional and ill-conceived war on your dime. Instead of science or helping people they decided to spend money blowing up schoolgirls.
The entity that has exclusive power over the US federal budget, and thus NASA budget, is called the US Congress. This is a standard arrangement in representative democracies.
Yes, and that Congress gave them $10 billion more than they were even asking for.
Um, NASA doesn't ask anything from the Congress, they get no say. They did not request their budget to be halved. They advise the executive, and then the executive asks the Congress to halve their budget and cancel half the missions because, you know. Luckily, the Congress was not inclined to agree because NASA actually has a solid bipartisan support.
NASA administrator Bill Nelson https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/04/nasa-says-it-needs-bet... and then, once somewhater cheaper options had been considered, Congress following Trump administration priorities. https://www.science.org/content/article/nasa-s-mars-sample-r...
Look around the room.
The reason why NASA ended the Apollo program is because the American public 1) was never as committed to Apollo as younger people seem to believe they were with most people being indifferent to it and plenty of people being outright against it as wasteful, and 2) even the modicum of support it had on the Apollo 11th landing was gone by the next mission. Famously, Apollo 13 was notable for regaining the attention of the public, which it almost certainly would not have had if it weren't for their lives being on the line.
The public has almost never voted for more funding to NASA. The Kennedy Administration put a shitload of money into NASA hands, without real public approval, for geopolitical goals. It was never for public anything. The public just cannot be assed to spend even a few dollars on things they don't like, and they've never cared for generic space science.
The general public can in fact do whatever they can manage to fund, including through enormous debt, which is how we spent like $40 trillion on stupid wars in the desert for no reason. I was never really in agreement with doing that, but for some reason such a suggestion was "Unamerican", as claimed by the very people bitching about the debt right now. Who just so happened to be mostly the same people voting on doing those stupid wars.
It doesn't matter how many games you want to play with how "the system" makes it hard to vote for the right people, or how the incentives are constructed, but even in such a system, the Trump power bloc is still based around voting people out if they get in his way. The power always comes down to voting. The people in our government do all the shenanigans they do because it's how you capture the votes. They pander to giant businesses because those businesses pay for their political ads, which always go up in price so that only the largest businesses can afford to control them. But politicians do it because those ads get them the votes. If just doing their job better got them more votes, they would do that, or be replaced with someone who would.
The powers that be are the voters, with caveats and nuance.
Or, it's simply cheaper to send the equipment to analyze the samples in the rover than to send the samples back.
Note: They DID do analysis on these samples, on site. They didn't just dig them up and leave them there, as suggested.
Perseverance, obivously, has onboard instruments to analize the samples before dumping them on the ground
No. The sample is only physically measured and then imaged. https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/jpl/the-extraord... All further analysis will happen when the sample is returned to earth.
An all-in-one solution would be far too heavy. Splitting the tasks up makes a lot of sense. Having all the equipment onboard to drill cores, quickly analyze them, decide if they're worth keeping, and then putting samples in containers is enough work for one rover.
* Storing all the samples onboard means a larger and heavier rover
* Mass budget squeeze means no more helicopter
* The return requires a ground launch from mars, so no more SkyCrane delivery system
They store the empty tubes, why not the full ones? Are they collecting that much mass that it’s really impractical. Are the empty tubes nested like solo cups to save space? I understand the rationale for the sample return, but those tubes will be hard to find after years of dust storms.
They store most of the samples on-board - ten out of 43 were dropped off as a backup.
Whoa... TIL the rover had a tissue-box-sized helicopter (!!) on it! (and apparently the rotors must spin several times faster than a helicopter on earth due to Mars's sparse atmosphere). That's incredible.
I feel like SpaceX does an amazing job of producing docos and media (constant professionally-commentated live streams etc) but I never seem to see much from NASA. Sad, really.
There was extreme media coverage of the helicopter, live streams, twitter accounts, and scientists talking every day in media about if they could get another flight out of the copter. It was a huge media moment
The fascinating thing is that it wasn't a primary part of the mission but got lots of excitement. For me it was the thing that it features many off-the shelf parts from smartphones, uses linux and other open source software and it beat the expectations on how long it will service - Planned ~30 days with 5 flights and it did almost 3 years with 72 flights. https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/after-three-years-on-mars-...
Agree, the decision to drop samples on the ground doesn’t make sense to me. Store them in the rover. Much easier to find them all in one spot later.
They only dropped ten out of 43 - the rest are stored on-board, including duplicates of the ten.
They do store the tubes onboard according to: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-perseverance-rover-compl...
It says they have two sets of every sample: One onboard and one in the designated drop area.
The drop area is a backup: if the rover dies while travelling somewhere, the return pickup mission would not be in the right spot.
That’s not what Perseverance does - I don’t know how so many have this misconception about the mission.
My bet is that the new Trump-flavored NASA still wants to do this, but without the Europeans.
Knowing Jared Isaacman, he won't let MSR die without a fight. It wouldn't shock me to see NASA consider Rocket Lab's MSR proposal; they had submitted a pretty affordable proposal some time ago.
Isaacman definitely likes scientific missions but was skeptical of MSR, he thinks we will have a manned mission to Mars by the late 2030s so the payoff was not there given the extremely long timeline and high costs.
And I mean I agree, for that much money we should be doing missions to Europa instead.
Yes the administration warned American space companies not to attend the international space summit in France last week because it was international cooperation. NASA attended.
I worked on (a very small part of) the ExoMars rover (now called the Rosalind Franklin[0]).
It was supposed to launch in 2018, then was pushed to the early 2020s on a Russian rocket. For obvious reasons, it got pushed again, now launching in 2028.
The state of the world isn't great for space exploration, but I'm hopeful this mission will be revived at some point in the future.
[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)
I'm curious to know on which part you worked on, could you tell us?
Sure! I worked on the digital logic that connects the rover to one of the scientific instruments on board, specifically the Mars Organic Molecule Analyser[0].
[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Organic_Molecule_Analyser
Thanks!
JPL ?
As an outsider who is very interested in space exploration I'm very flummoxed by the state of space exploration.
With the price of launches so low compared to only 20 years ago due to advancements in launch technology and the increased cadence of launches it seems like it should be easier to do these kinds of missions and that there should be more, cheaper missions that are willing to take risks because the per mission cost is so much lower.
Can you comment on why that doesn't seem to be happening? Why aren't we covering Mars in cheap rovers and satellites?
Probably has something to do with the recent anti-science movement that currently has our country and government in a chokehold.
I don't think this messaging has caught up with many people. This isn't just economics, it is ideological.
We've had 8 launches in the past 3 years, with only 10 in the combined 17 years before [1].
Seems that the reduced cost is being taken advantage of. And, make sure to exclude the drastic reduction in non-lunar launches in your cost comparison for lunar launches.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon#2...
Some types of launches to some classes or orbits have gotten cheaper. Not all launches to all orbits. I don't know if any commercial launch services can even do planetary transfer orbits.
In space everything is an orbital change. To change orbits you need to speed up and slow down, all of that requires fuel. Even using what are known as "low energy" trajectories that use a bunch of gravitational slingshots need velocity changes to adjust trajectories to get the right angle of approach to some large body.
Most commercial launch services focus on LEO because the secondary stages don't need to carry much fuel and their engines only need to fire reliably once to get into a stable orbit.
A planetary transfer requires multiple engine firings. That's much harder than a single reliable firing. It's not impossible but the testing and engineering is expensive.
A science mission often needs to beg, borrow, and steal to get built. There's one shot to accomplish the mission objectives. That's more expensive engineering and testing. Some mission profiles require specific planetary alignments with very narrow launch windows to boot. So there's a lot of expensive work made more expensive by a tight deadline.
The actual marginal cost of the rocket, fuel, and launch is a very small part of the mission cost. Halving the launch price doesn't necessarily affect the cost of anything else.
Starlink satellites are effectively disposable. If a Falcon 9 explodes or fails to get the second stage to orbit they're out maybe a few tens of millions of dollars. If a science mission has some mission-killing failure there's no funding for a do-over.
Did you forget the first Falcon Heavy launch? Obviously it can do it. Also, Falcon has been used to launch missions to other planets.
You're right I was forgetting the Falcon Heavy. But it's certainly not cheap when the government is footing the bill. The Nancy Grace Roman launch cost NASA $255m, far above SpaceX's prices for even an expendable GTO launch.
For both operating mars rovers, the launch vehicle cost was about 10% of the total. So even if the providers paid you to launch, you'll still be picking up 80% of the remainder. Cut the development cost by 10x? Still in the hundred million dollar range. So still only large goverments can afford. And none of them would approve a bunch of rovers, they'd just see a discount on the one rover they already don't want to give you - "you have one, isn't that enough? Why do you need two?"
0 to 1 is part of why the first Curiosity cost so much. If they kept the technology alive in practice, launching a new one every year doesn’t sound unreasonable.
In fact, that kind of standing order for a new Curiosity every year is exactly how you would keep the technology alive in practice.
They issued statements like that... aaand then built a copy of the rover for the same cost as the original one. And it only took them 10 years to do this :)
Yeah, build-to-print at the small scale of space missions never really works in practice because requirements always change and small changes in requirements tend to have big design impacts.
Likely a major limiting factor behind doing another Curiosity is plutonium-238 being scarce (it’s too big to rely on solar). Production was only restarted a few years ago: https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/radioiso...
Yes, but a big reason payloads cost so much is the need for extreme mass optimization, which is driven entirely by limitations in launch technology.
When launching large masses to high energies gets cheaper, payloads have a chance to get cheaper, too.
Not just mass optimization either. Intense effort and cost are expended through verification because a single payload simply must work. But using commodity hardware with reduced verification effort, launching many, and tolerating some amount of attrition has resulted in reduced costs for Starlink.
So once Starship flies routinely could we mass produce rovers and launch them 30 at a time?
I think the question of technical possibility answers differently from the question of organizational feasibility. Starlink is optimizing costs because they have a financial incentive to do so. The less each satellite costs, and costs to maintain, the more income they make. I fear incentives are not so direct in governmental orgs. Outside contractors performing most of the work have outsized influence, and incentive to inflate costs. Budgetary decision makers all want to see investment in their own districts.
I think Starlink and cubesats have definitely proven the approach can reduce costs.
The engineering does not seem as challenging to me as figuring out how to get such a policy approved and pushed through all the administrative and decision making layers without watering down and budgetary inflation.
Maybe if we launched 30 Starships carrying 30 rovers each. With only 30 units, the prices would likely be similar to current commercial satellites, which are already built on standardized platforms.
I'd go even more radically low cost, and kit the first lander out with wifi, and a half dozen each of every commercially available robot dog, humanoid, and wheeled or tracked robot of any interest. Rumble in the Mars Robodome. Bit of publicity for the existing manufacturers who may be willing to pay for the privilege, and who will undoubtedly learn valuable things about how their designs fail and can be improved. And you figure out in one stroke if there's a COTS platform you can buy for $30k that gets you 80% of what you need. If any of them function for any period of time, you use them to prepare the space for future landings. Rinse, repeat. After a few iterations, you have a half dozen manufacturers with commercially produced platforms with a few strategic modifications to which you can bolt your science instruments.
Testing of using commodity parts was part of the Mars helicopter and it worked well enough that making many of them seems plausible. I'd love to see multiple drones flying faster/further than rovers. Just not really sure what instruments would make them useful.
That's another great example. And ridesharing on the mission allowed them to prove it very inexpensively and with much lower risk than a dedicated mission.
I think if they had a big f-ing rocket at their disposal and could bundle a couple dozen of them MIRV style there would be no political downside if a bunch went splat so long as a bunch didn't
"look guys 9/24 of the rovers are transmitting back, great success"
It’s also sad as wasting $200B or even a few billion on a worthless acquisition is just an ordinary quarter for some large tech companies.
At least space exploration results in some valuable technology being developed, even if done in an extremely expensive manner.
Doing one-off robots is incredibly expensive. Building clones costs very little.
When I worked at Boeing, sinking a die for a forging cost $250,000. Forging the part cost a few dollars.
The nature of science and exploration is that every mission is harder than the last, which is a reasonable first order proxy for expense. For NASA specifically, there has also been a large focus placed on making delivery to orbit and the moon a commercial service rather than something that NASA has to do in-house which has held us back.
And as others have said, there is really no such thing as a cheap rover. As a recent example, there was recently a push by NASA HQ to refurbish a Mars rover engineering unit (basically a one-to-one copy of the one sent to Mars, kept at JPL for use in ops planning and issue debugging) into an operational lunar rover. The estimated cost to take this existing piece of hardware and make it fully flight ready and suitable for the new mission was hundreds of millions of dollars.
I won't find it now, but I distinctly remember watching a video about some big NASA event a few years back but when Starship Booster (first stage) had been flying already. Basically none one at the event even considered switching paradigm from ultra custom probes and landers built from unobtainium and unicorn blood in favor of the way cheaper and way less robust, almost mass market hardware, to be launched once every 10 months instead of every 10 years on a regular basis. (PS: I know all the laundry list of arguments against this approach, and they are not that convincing at NASA scale). And I won't even talk about Space Disgrace System for manned flight.
NASA is stuck in the past and does it consciously and voluntarily.
They is why the SLS became known as the Senate Launch System.
... checks math ... Starship should have enough cargo capacity for this. One launch. We could put the whole senate up there. The house might take a couple launches unless we really pack 'em in. /s
We just need to setup a fake corporate sponsor meet and greet. We camouflage Ship to look like a hotel ball room, with a door for "private meetings" that leads to the cargo bay.
Time to rename Starship to 'The Filibuster'.
Shelby Launch System (now emeritus).
to be fair, there's also the issue of keeping multiple options alive for NASA. Going all in on one private provider comes with huge long term issues.
To my understanding people at NASA and people approving budgets like novel stuff. What’s the point of 100 identical rovers on mars? For politician - good publicity only for first 5 rovers, then it is only routine. For engineers, challenge of designing and constructing new cutting edge stuff is interesting and fulfilling, constructing 50th clone is boring. (If now you give money to top talent to do cutting edge, then after 5years you will have pool of talented people; might benefit next mission or some other company)
Outside of specifics like the space shuttle program, launch costs have never been that big of a factor. Like 5-15% of a program's cost. If your satellite or rover costs billions to build and another billion to run for a decade, saving a hundred million (or even a couple hundred million) isn't that much of a game changer
Sending a probe to orbit another planet costs X. Landing a probe softly on another planet costs 10X. Landing and then returning a probe costs 100X.
The numbers above are notional, not literal. But you get the idea.
A practical issue with government spending is that it's self motivated. Politicians' only job is to get elected. And one big way to do that is by ensuring that money goes to your district, creating jobs and opportunities. This is how you get things like the SLS, nicknamed the Senate Launch System. It was a tremendous waste of money, spending on the order of decades to build a launch system that was arguably obsoleted years before it completed, and will in any case be far too expensive to ever regularly use.
But the reason we kept throwing good money after bad is because the goal was never really about making a good launch system. It was all about sending money and creating stable long-term jobs in various states and districts, actively supported by the politicians representing those areas. So you had parts being built all over the place, in a way that just sends costs skyrocketing, but that's okay - because the rocket isn't the goal.
Of course the government itself is aware of this problem, much like fishermen are aware that overfishing is self destructive in the long-run, even if they are nonetheless individually motivated to do exactly that. So I think this was why the big push for commercializing space. And I think we'll ultimately see the exact same thing with deeper space missions and technologies. SpaceX's goal is Mars and I see no reason to think they will fail there. At that point, costs for various Martian missions - be they sample return, rovers, or whatever else - should be relatively negligible relative to today. Exactly as happened when we went from ferrying people to the ISS using the Space Shuttle, to when we started launching them on Falcon rockets.
Cynicism is a variety of compliance in advance. It creates the conditions it decries.
Obviously there are corrupt politicians. But also obviously there are politicians who actually want to advance the public interest. It is the job of voters to tell them apart and ensure only the latter become the custodians of state power.
Politics, especially in its modern form, does not incentivize nor reward those who would put the public interest ahead of their own political careers. On the contrary it effectively prunes the overwhelming majority of these people out of office long before they get anywhere near the higher levels of office.
There have certainly been a few exceptions, but they're few and far between - and tend to be because of special circumstance. For instance I think Bernie Sanders, before he tried to run for President, was a good guy. But that's because he's from Vermont, a state with a smaller population than El Paso, TX. Democracy works quite well with small populations, but not so well with with larger populations when the 'distance', speaking both metaphorically and literally, between voters and their representatives grows too far. It also tends to fail when societies become too divided.
As for the voter determining who's socially motivated and who's a silver tongued conman? I don't think that's at all realistic.
One issue is definitely that there is no tangible (economical) upside to anything other than low earth launches and now maybe the moon, and the scientific exploration, while technically cheaper now, is still expensive - and requires a lot of public funding, which hinges on public interest. I don't think the general public is still as enthusiastic about space exploration anymore, people are far more skeptical about the upside given all the problem we have down here that occupy their minds constantly.
Yep notice that all the space stuff going on is about commerce not science.
Personally I couldn't give a shit about astronauts landing on the moon I want hundreds of drones flying around the solar system doing science but I'm the minority. At least ESA isn't doing much propaganda.
America is being run by somebody who doesn't understand the value of science, so it is seen as a waste of money and worse, systematically destroyed. The problem is that the result won't become apparent for about ten years at which point Americans will be asking why everyone else is making money from science and technology breakthroughs and they're getting poorer.
Beyond earth orbit launches actually is not that low [1]. MSR has a long history of revival and cancellation.
[1] https://spacestatsonline.com/launches/beo
Would it make sense to send better robotic analyzers there than to bring the samples back here? Fighting gravity and kilometers involves spending many billions on return; a lesser amount could be spent on surface activities.
The issue is the size of some of these analysers. For instance, a synchrotron, which is required to non-destructively generate nanometer-scale 3d images of the samples are 3-4 times the size of a football stadium
An AFM can get atomic resolution imagery and is not the size of a football stadium.
An AFM is completely useless to identify the chemical elements, protein or crystalline structure inside a sample.
Don't mince words. Say it with your chest. The world state is being ruined by authoritarianism appeal to small-minded people's worst basal instincts, lack op apathy, and lack of curiosity. And unchecked capitalism, but I really shouldn't even need that 'unchecked' qualifier.
Space exploration is moving forward. It's just being driven by other countries now.
Howtown had a video on this a few weeks ago:
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvCgC1yA7_w
That article is from January 6 2026. Not sure why it is being surfaced now.
I read it today and found it interesting, i was unaware of the fact that the mission had been canceled
It was long dead even before this final cancellation.
It's basically undead at this stage. On a more serious note, after it was "paused" in 2023 because of scepticism about the return approaches and defunded by Congress earlier this year, ESA did look at other options, but now I think it's just JPL trying to find a commercial use case...
I appreciate that you shared it. I didn’t see it at the time.
For better or worse it won’t be long until we get private exploration for minerals and water on the Moon and nearby planets, at a relatively decent scale (in comparative terms)
What could possibly fund the private exploration of minerals or water on the Moon or planets?
Which of the 180ish elements would possibly be found on a foreign body in enough scale that couldn't possibly be found, made, or replaced by cheaper means here on earth?
Space mining doesn't make sense! We can't even justify exploiting all known resources here on earth itself because they aren't profitable, how do you work those numbers when, instead of literal slave labor, you have to pay the energy cost of going up and then back down for every kilo of matter?
If it's often not worth it to mine literal gold here on earth because it can't be profitably extracted, the core limit on gold mines as an investment and business venture, why would it be profitable to, for example, mine that gold on Mars and try to bring it home?
Only the yield matters. The grades are just too low in some earthbound deposits for them to be dug
The point of exploiting ressources in space is not to bring them back to earth (to the ground, specifically), but to use them in space.
The ability to manufacture in space, when the price to orbit is about 3000 $/kg can be very lucrative.
Just refuelling in orbit for long-range missions, with the fuel coming from the moon (aluminium-oxygen for exemple) would be a game-changer, and the ressources to make it happen are not that out of reach.
Please explain the "worse" part. Should we be in a moral panic about lifeless barren chunks of rock being put to some use?
We're not 100% sure about "lifeless" yet, on Mars.
true, but I think the space mining talk is mostly about asteroids and the moon
The USA can't afford to waste money shipping a bunch of rocks halfway across the Solar system just so some woke geeks can speculate if Mars in the past could have supported transgender athletes.
It would jeopardize important national security projects like the White House Ballroom, the Triumphal Arch, the Garden of Heroes and National Golf Course, and of course the Donald J. Trump Center for The Performing Arts (formerly The Memorial To That Loser That Got Assassinated.)
Although I don’t agree with your phrasing, $11 billion to bring back some rocks when we have a $40+ trillion deficit makes no sense.
Sure does. R&D investments have a massively larger RoI than military spending - and you won’t be paying off that debt by trying to be frugal. The only way is forward, and bombing schools in Iran isn’t that. It might not be Mars either, but at the very least some interesting science falls out of it, and perhaps some interesting products out of that.
The way we spend military budget is inefficient yet, Americans grew in 90s not to say eu people tend to believe we live in the rosy world of friendly people , despite countries like North Korea , Iran , Russia , and even China to a certain extent.
I don’t think the debt has much to do with it, but I’m annoyed by the opportunity cost.
Put another way, I’m pretty sick and tired of planing 30 year long missions, with all the money an engineering and human resources, for rocks.
It was almost certainly not going to tell us conclusively about past life on mars. And if it could, let humans collect it.
The next person who suggests an $11B mission for rocks should get smacked with a yardstick.
Kinda crazy that we could launch one mission like this daily for almost exactly ten years with that deficit.
I was reading this outraged until i realized you were being sarcastic, lol
After reading this comment I think it would be worth 11 billion dollars just to get you off this forum.
I think the post was missing a </sarcasm> flag.
This is the Administration of Poe's Law and Order.
I think the original plan was to land another rover, which would drive to each sample. I hope future plans weight the use of helicopters for retrieval after Ingenuity's success. It looks like the sample capsules weigh less than 3oz.
Using helicopters was in the plan already, e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Sample_Recovery_Helicopte...
ALIENS! The alternative is just a bummer, so just let me live in delusion here, okay?
Honestly this is not surprising, and as much as politics suck, the rocket equation sucks harder
Mars has a little bit less gravity than Earth
How big would a rocket need to be even to send a small payload (let's think 20kg/45lb) even suborbitally so that it can be caught by another spaceship
Now check how big a rocket has to be to send all of that from Earth
You'd probably have to send this on Starship. And refuel it while on orbit
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=gsb20&q=Mars%20Sample%...
That paper outlines a plan to do it, which people have been trying to do since the 70s
Here is one that will launch soon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianwen-3
Yeah still looks like an overcomplicated project
Maybe that's why China can make it work
The Japanese 'Martian Moons exploration' mission is launching to Phobos next month and doing a sample return; how hard would a martian to phobos sample moving mission be that could then be collected off Phobos sometime?
Cool idea! However I think the Mars to Phobos sample move would be nearly as difficult as MSR. The hard parts of MSR were landing, sample collection, ascent from Mars and rendezvous with the return orbiter. The only thing this would change would be the last part, which would still be a rendezvous, just not necessarily a synchronous rendezvous. It could be useful for solving some transfer window timing problems though. And it would be awesome.
I was hoping that MME would have solved the phobos->orbiter part :-); so then you just have to get mars->phobos - you don't have to get a rendezvous for that - you just have to land intact on phobos. You can try this a few times until you manage it; only once it's sitting on Phobos do you send the equivalent of MME to collect it.
The James Webb Space Telescope had a $10 dollar price tag, why wasn't it considered too expensive at the time?
Costs increased after it was already under construction so sunk costs kicked in. MSR was still in the planning stages when it was canceled.
MSR was in planning stages *and already* had budget overruns big enough to cancel lunar rover
That cancelled program became famous for leaving behind an already bought launcher that now will fly mass simulator
Sounds quite affordable to me. I'll take a few if you're selling.
Damn, forgot to add the "billion" after $10
Has anyone seen broader reporting on the rest of the science budget?
Any news since January???
I'm personally sad to see samples from Jezero crater with potential biosignatures [1] won't find their way back to Earth for the foreseeable future. I was _really_ looking forward to learning more about what we found.
Maybe in some ideal world the US and China would work together to pass those samples on to a Chinese MSR, but it seems borderline impossible.
[1]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09413-0
Fucking retarded, just take whatever was wasted fighting a losing was for no good reason and spend it on NASA.
don't boo, vote
I was holding my breath for Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope which amazingly wasn't cancelled but they did cancel its successor, the Habitable Worlds Observatory Space Telescope which would be able to spot earth-sized exo-planets
even though Congress already funded it, because somehow the executive is allowed to illegally pocket veto Congress over and over again past two years
it's all Heritage Foundation and Russell Vought, he has no use for science and education
I didn't hear about HWO being cancelled... is that just due to the president budget request? Strongly agree with the first line!
it's cancelled via funding via some illegal devious trick since they can't nuke it entirely via the executive
Congress awarded it $150 Million
so Vought or someone in the cabinet pocketed that and gave it $5 Million instead
They can't do anything with $5 Million, that's their point
That's one tomahawk missile
Imagine what NASA could have done with the $1000 MILLION PER DAY being spent on bombing Iran to no purpose or result
Nancy Grace only happened because it was a refurbished second spy telescope built but never launched by the NSA, basically a Hubble pointed at earth
HWO needs to be built from scratch because detecting non-light-emitting earth-sized planets is a technological miracle not even possible this decade at any price
It was meant for 2040 but now I won't live long enough to see it even if the next Congress re-funds it
I'm surprised nobody has mentioned this but one reason not to do this mission is that we have ~400 Martian samples from meteors found on Earth [1]. The fact that there's even 1 is kind of amazing to me. And this has been confirmed by multiple methods including analyzing the air bubbles trapped in the rock matching Mars's atmosphere.
Flying to Mars and then flying back is incredibly complicated and much more expensive. Rather than sending an exploratory rover or a satellite, you have to basically send an entire launch vehicle when we've never launched anything into orbit from Mars before. And it has to operate essentially autonomously (for the launch).
Even missions to get samples from comets and asteroids are far less complicated because you're not dropping into a gravity well with just enough atmosphere to cover all your stuff in dust but not enough for atmospheric braking. Mars has the exact wrong amount of atmosphere.
Obviously samples returned from Mars would be better but it diminishes the value when we already have samples here. So the huge price tag and incredible engineering complexity becomes harder to justify.
[1]: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/martian-meteorites-rare-visit...
We have Mars rocks at home.
The Mars rocks at home.
The martian samples from meteors found on Earth aren't as good as the samples we'd get from a Mars Sample Return Mission because they have been in contact with stuff like water, air and who knows what else
I think the key problem with Martian meteorites on Earth is that it's much more difficult to make a positive biosignature detection.
This article is nine months old.
This mission is representative of what JPL has become. Leadership there increased the cost of the program to $11B and would not bring the samples back until 2040, they also designed the mission around legacy rockets like Ariane 64 instead of working to lower costs and increase capacity by working with industry and designing around Starship or New Glenn. The moon missions brought back 842 pounds of rocks and MSL would bring back 1.1 pounds. It’s directionally better to wait for manned missions to Mars so we can bring back tons of rocks or even do the research on Mars itself. It seems like the JPL mission is maximized to provide jobs to researchers and maximized for mission complexity rather than just buying rocks from a contractor with quoted price and lead time.
I’d be interested in working there to help accelerate the program but I’m not if I would get support internally.
I'm worried it's arguments like this that doomed MSR [0]. Why spend 11 billion to get a couple rocks back in 2040 when Starship will be sending astronauts in 2030? But now it seems the near term goals of the Starship program are changing. At this point, who knows when we'll send people to Mars?
I don't know about you but I'm not hearing anyone say they've reserved Starship mass-to-Mars-and-back. You're right that we should rely on private industry more. The CLPS program is the most comparable example (although time will tell whether it's a good one). But for a mission with the risk tolerance of MSR, the CLPS model doesn't work, IMO.
And meanwhile the Chinese are planning on launching their sample return in 2028. They're gonna beat us by a decade.
[0] My thoughts here are partially from this great blog post: https://mceglowski.substack.com/p/who-is-the-villain-in-mars...
Portugal was the first to find a direct sea route to India and had a 100 year head start with the trade route but they still got mogged by the Dutch East India Co in terms of cargo tonnage shipped.
We should aim for the long game. An insanely expensive one-time mission using disposable rockets to analyze rocks that we've already analyzed with rovers is probably not the best path.
But it is a very Chinese path. Shock and awe and fake it till you make it by building quickly and at scale.
Can you elaborate what you mean by Chinese path?
Not sure I get the comparison.
Pretty good odds we’ll all be dead in 100 years, and whatever guess we make about what the long game entails will be wrong.
So what advantage, in the realm of all possibilities, would this give China that we should be seriously concerned about?
We have such bigger existential threats right now that my emotional response to the quoted text is an aggressive lack of concern.
Exploring outer space is not necessarily about gaining some kind of “advantage” over others on Earth.
That is literally the only reason anyone has invested in outer space. Even scientific missions are done with a dual national defense purpose. Think of it like PR whitewashing of the military and geopolitical reasons that motivate funding.
Notice how the US space interest rapidly dried up with the death of the Soviet Union. I’m not sure if China really motivates the same thing because it’s an authoritarian semi-capitalist society - it’s the communist “people owning the means of production” that gets capitalists really worried.
Not that I have a solution, but isn’t that kind of disappointing? Why don’t we just do it directly, rather than only as a side effect of needless conflicts?
Yea that’s why I said it’s not necessarily about gaining advantage. It shouldn’t be.
Everyone suffered under people owning the means of production, not just the capitalists.
People suffered under the totalitarian regime and corruption. The central planning was also a problem in terms of making sure that goods production could meet what people needed. China’s semi-capitalist system with the authoritarian government stepping in when the companies don’t cooperate is an attempt to adapt to retaining communism while letting go of central planning. And this system is acceptable by western capitalists. This is a criticism of the West and its adherence to capitalism rather than liberal ideas, not an endorsement of “communism”*
* most people use communism as short hand for central planning which IMHO was the major economic problem that caused economically slow growth and lack of goods. combined with the authoritarian repression that caused a different kind of suffering. But neither of those is required by a communist political movement.
There have been 20,000 voluntary communes in the US. They all failed. Communism doesn't work, whether it is forcible or voluntary. No commune or centrally planned economy has ever managed to feed itself. Hence the suffering.
That's a valid response, and I think it gets at the core of why we do planetary science. There are no military or economic applications of knowing what Martian soil is made out of, or why it lost its atmosphere, or whether life evolved there too. So why do both the US and China fund these missions at all? And does it matter if China returns samples first? First, I would say that in the process of answering these questions, we develop technologies that often have military or economic benefits (technology transfer). There's something about trying to solve problems humanity has not faced before that causes this. We talk a lot about solution spaces, but problem spaces are maybe more important! Second, there are intangible benefits to answering these questions, which accrue to those who answer them, but also to all of humanity. Prestige, soft power, research expertise, for the one who answers them. And for all of humanity, we gain perspective, awe, wonder, togetherness, curiosity, joy, a whole suite of feelings. If China discovers life on Mars first, which is absolutely a possibility, would we even bother with being second? I think it's too optimistic to assume it's inevitable that we will do a Mars sample return mission. And if we don't, we'd miss out on all the technology transfer benefits. Being in a race is very motivating.
Definitely haven't made a complete argument here, but those are my thoughts. I know there are more concrete, pressing issues out there. But we don't all have to save the world. We just have to do our part and be decent human beings.
That should start with, "There is no _known_..."
Unknown unknowns are why people who care about economics and power (governments) care about science.
You can always say "there could be unknown useful applications!", no matter how improbable. That's not a strong argument.
It's worse than weak. It is an argument that works better the stupider you are.
Seriously.
The stupider you are, the more likely it is that there is something valuable that you don't know about.
But sophistry on that level doesn't actually change the minimal economic value of putting people on Mars.
Why did the British put Darwin on the Beagle? Who the hell cares what turtles are?
Well it turned out to be the start of something very important.
Think of all of the science that goes into firing and controlling a precision guided missile. How much of that technology was created for military purposes.
Whatever gets the humans to work harder I guess.
One huge benefit that can't be overstated is the perception that we can still do great things as a society. Contrary to what many might think the program to put a man on the Moon wasn't particularly popular in the 60s. Yet when we landed on the Moon very near to 100% of households were watching the broadcast of it on television, and that achievement set the stage for what was possible - which was anything. And generally it's going to make you proud to be an American.
China in the current era is doing sample returns from the Moon, building horizontal skyscrapers, hosting a 'robotic olympics' where they're breaking all sorts of human records in quite impressive looking ways [1], and much more. And now just casually blowing by the US in space capability? To say nothing of it coming scarcely more than a decade after we banned them from the ISS [2] for fear they'd still all our super secret space sauce? That's going to do crazy good things for the morale, mindset, and broader unity of a society.
Basically a good reason to do cool things is to do cool things. I think one quantifiable result of this sort of stuff is that now we live in a society where most American kids want to be YouTubers, while most Chinese kids want to be astronauts. [3] It's not hard to see how that sort of upbringing is going to shape the future generations of a society.
[1] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJyktujxO7I
[2] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Amendment
[3] - https://www.businessinsider.com/american-kids-dream-of-being...
It’s totally feasible that starship wouldn’t need to rely on humans to get the rock - a scouting mission to mars with starship could likely use robotics to grab a few rocks, sent years ahead of humans. The only really technical hurdle between then and now is proving starship orbital capability (this month), recovery and relaunch from mars, refueling, some robots.
The refueling part alone is still unproven and might take multiple years of trying in orbit before it actually works
I think everyday astronaut did a video explaining how a refueled starship can make it to Mars.
So you are missing the fuel for the return trajectory, which they plan to make there IIRC. So add in situ resource utilization to your list.
Yall, we're not putting humans on Mars anytime soon.
Okay, okay, rather we're not getting humans back off of Mars anytime soon.
Landing is by far the easy part. MSR was partly a mission to see how hard it really is to get anything back into space from the Martian surface. If you can manage a pound, you can probably then manage 3 or so 180 pound humans and all their safety support.
Like, think of it. You somehow have to land a fully fueled rocket on freaking Mars. No site prep, near vacuum and no aero breaking, very expensive and nearly impossible second chance.
Fine fine, you just land the shell and then refuel on Mars with some form of automated fuel refinery on Mars. Like, if you have robots that can do that, you've ended capitalism already and have no need for humans in the first place.
Im not saying a human return mission is impossible, but it is just so very much harder than a Trillion dollar Apollo program lets us believe.
You just send a few unmanned missions first with fuel and supplies?
"Supplies" as in, self-assembling landing and launch pads?
People have successfully dropped autonomous robots onto Mars before. Wouldn't be out of the question to do so again, except that instead of rovers, the robots could be programmed to open up crates (dropped at the same time, or by a previous or future mission) and assemble what's inside into a landing or launch pad.
Would take a lot of prep missions, and might not be worth the cost, but in theory it's doable. Curiosity massed 900 kg and Perseverance massed 1025 kg according to Wikipedia, so dropping a metric ton of supplies for the robot to assemble would, again in theory, be feasible. (In practice the equipment for landing the supply crates safely would take up a good chunk of the mass budget, but there should be something left over in the mass budget for the crates to contain).
It would possibly be more practical to store the return trip fuel in orbit around Mars.
Mass-wise, yes, but long term fuel storage and transfer in a vacuum is all completely theoretical at this point
You still have to land all the fuel to get the people off of Mars
If you have robots like this, why send humans in the first place then? You've already got the bots that can do pretty much everything a human could want to do and you don't have to get them back off Mars.
There will not be l'année mission to Mars lmao
Ariane 6 is legacy? lol
Also cringed at this
Wasn't it considered a kind of failed project because it's so incredibly expensive to launch with Ariane 6?
Starship hasn't even reached orbit, why are you putting it on a list as a viable solution for a mars mission?
$40T in debt, gotta cut something.
Des têtes?
Excuse my French
Yes, let's focus on the .35% we give to NASA.
It is $0.17 per US citizen, and on average generates several times that investment in return within the economy every year.
They should open NASA's version of a gofundme page. =3
Oops my hard drive is full, I'd better delete a bunch of 5kb .txt files that contain important information
That's impossible Elon Musk told us that he solved the debt. And he is a genius who never fails.
Yeah, and his mom was just in the news saying he really wants to live on Mars, so he can tweet about the samples in-between fertilizing his potatoes. :)
I hope that one of these days my great grandchildren will be able to go to the Smithsonian and see the beat up and dusty Curiosity rover live and in the proverbial flesh.
Too few days until the elections, too many things still to break...
And noone has yet mentioned SpaceXman ? It's pocket money to him, would be a great demonstration of philanthropy as well as "private research ability".
Do it !
Very unfortunate to see this
Total starship mission including launches is 15 billion to date , and it’s on the verge of entering limited commercial service . Maybe without re use but as a much cheaper super heavy rocket , like 10x cheaper without re use already .
It make sense to a certain extent to focus on a capability researches vs largely throw away mission to deliver a few rocks for 20 billions.
Right. It's much better to spend tax dollars on useless wars and furthering the Zionist and imperialist causes, than spending said tax dollars on doing actual, real, valuable science. Which maybe, just maybe, answers some fundamental questions which we have sought the answer to for eons beyond remembrance.
So bloody frustrating and completely unsurprising.
I'm all for science missions but we can't have blank checks.
Either deliver it under-budget or it should get cut. NASA has become more of a jobs program than a space program. Hopefully that changes.
1. Spend less tax money on stupid wars.
2. Use some of it for good science even if you don't want to improve welfare and healthcare.
3. Profit and prosper!
this doesn't seem bad, there are other missions greenlit from the same budget
Trump and his cronies will do a lot more damage. It is in my opinion de-facto a dictatorship here at work. Recent polls have a support base of ~33% only. That's not sustainable in a democracy. Why can he still cling to power?
The House and Senate GOP are afraid of his voter base and act accordingly in lock step and 33 percent of all voters still gives him greater than 60 percent likely GOP voter approval. So this boils down to House should have expanded from 435 and Senate was a mistake unless one thinks land area of happenstance state lines is good proxy for decision making power (since competent and determined minority in senate can just stop things from happening also as opposed to number of votes of entire nation for presidential election)
This article reads like self-pity propaganda from the institutions and scientists who benefited from the old NASA funding model and now see that model being dismantled.
The underlying program was in trouble. NASA had already concluded before Isaacman took over that the existing Mars Sample Return architecture had become a roughly $8–11 billion project with samples potentially not reaching Earth until around 2040.
So yes: NASA killed the bloated $11B / 2040 version of Mars Sample Return.
Isaacman is pushing NASA’s Mars program toward cheaper, faster, modular missions, greater use of commercial spacecraft and launch providers, and infrastructure that can support both science and eventual human exploration.
That makes the “NASA is abandoning Mars science” framing fake news. NASA is abandoning a specific, extremely expensive architecture.
Isaacman has explicitly left open the possibility of retrieving Perseverance’s samples through a different approach.
The real question is to what extent the new model will actually deliver the samples faster and for dramatically less money.
NASA, with the best leadership it has ever had, is cutting absurdly wasteful, over-budget programs that will never launch, to focus on actually getting things done.
Sounds great to me.
Since the start the whole program was simply a scam, that is all there is to it, everyone involved knew it was a scam.
I can guarantee you that China will bring back samples before the US, simply because their program was built to bring back results, practically, while NASA's was meant to subsidize PHDs of people involved, while baiting people with "aliens!!!!1", there is no reason why the state should be funding the PHDs of people involved with niche/weird research rather than focus on what the vast majority want and support NASA for.
You can have obscure research as a side mission, not the core, while blatantly lying too.
"makes sense, it's financially unfeasible"
The Iran war has points, namely preventing a dedicated American enemy from getting nuclear weapons, contributing to Trump's legacy, and probably something to do with Israel. The problem is that it can't be won with current USA capabilities and everyone not in MAGA already knew this yet Trump started it anyway. The Ukrainians even offered drone defences before it started and were publically rebuffed by Trump. The ignorance and hubris of the Trump administration is truly remarkable.
We need to work on a common understanding of the word "pointless".
If, in reflection, I may contribute to that effort, 'the point' of something is much more about its goals than something 'being pointless' which is more about outcomes. Which is interesting since you would assume they would align in meaning more having the same base word.
When a person says something is pointless they either mean there was actually no significant intent behind it OR a judgement that the intent/plan/achievability behind whatever point there is, is of such low quality that there might as well not have been any intent behind it at all.
Trying to keep yourself dry with a newspaper over your head in a hurricane: pointless.
By killing the anti-nuclear leadership of such country and proving their opponents points that only nukes could protect them from the USA...
I'm not claiming the Trump admin is capable in the pursuit of their goals, only that they had some.
IIRC it was the people from Pakistan that did 9/11, now these people have nuclear weapons. Iranians didn’t do any 9/11 in USA but somehow they are not allowed nuclear weapons? How is this supposed to make sense?
Iran has a *lot* of oil. Pakistan has not.
Preventing a dedicated American enemy to get nukes, an enemy of which the American intelligence agencies said there is currently no sign they work to get nukes and with which you had deals to prevent them from doing so.
Sorry, but all you did was:
1. Showed them and the world that treaties with you are worth nothing
2. Showed them and the world, to gain the respect of the US, you need nukes. Decades of loyalty, treaties or good partner have been shown to be worth nothing, while being an authoritarian dictatorship and having nukes are respected.
3. Showed them and the world that having US bases on your soil is a liability and not a protection.
All in all if you were US president and your task was to destroy the US' standing in the world, there is not much more you could have done.
It was called JCPOA but Israel didn't like it because it would've meant peace for the region. War _is_ the point for Israel at this point.
The JCPOA was effectively theatre, and I'm genuinely surprised to see someone defending it. Most notably, it restricted where the International Atomic Energy Agency could inspect. For example, Iran had broad remit to deny entry to military installations in part or whole. Further, even when the IAEA suspected enrichment at an undeclared site, it could take up to 24 days to receive permission to inspect. Even then, Iran guided inspectors to pre-approved sections of the sites.
Further, the agreement allowed Iran to develop more advanced centrifuges. The kind which could be used to enrich uranium to weapons grade.
Further, the agreement left substantial nuclear infrastructure and expertise intact. For example, Fordow was not dismantled and 1,044 IR-1 centrifuges remained there. Natanz also retained thousands of operating centrifuges.
In 2025, the IAEA concluded that Iran had failed to declare nuclear material and nuclear-related activities at Lavisan-Shian, Varamin, and Turquzabad, and could not determine the whereabouts of some nuclear material.
The JCPOA allowed Iran to significantly expand its military capabilities and strengthen the regime via economic sanction relief, the release of hundreds of billions of dollars of Iranian international assets, and normalisation of trade (most notably oil). Iran used this opportunity to consolidate power without any material commitment or action towards sustainable cessation of nuclear weapons research and capability.
One could argue that it was the best of all bad options on the table, but let us not pretend it was a good option. Iran has been funding death and terrorism all over the world for decades. Its stated goal is the annihilation of many Western nations. The treatment of its own people is beyond comprehension and description. It routinely practises the rape of virgin women before execution (for things like not dressing modestly, or protesting), so that these young women will end up in hell. If the world were just, the entire world would unite to invade Iran, remove the dictator class from power, and implement democracy.
Just to be crystal clear: none of what I have written states nor implies that Trump has handled this conflict well.
How long would the Iran war have to continue to have cost as much as to fund the NASA mission, or have we already passed that point ?
Also, the war cannot be won without boots on the ground, and that is also not feasible as you need 2-4x the amount of soldiers that the enemy nation has to successfully conquer a nation (as per the US Army / CIA handbook), and Iran has about a million soldiers, so 2-4 million US soldiers would be required for that.
It would literally turn into another Vietnam or Afghanistan. Unfriendly terrain where everything needs to be flown or sailed in, hostile population where the US has been painted as the "big devil" for 50+ years.
Speaking of Afghanistan, Taliban had 58,000 "soldiers", and we sent almost 600,000 soldiers there (peak strength) and still lost the war, and Iran is very similar to Afghanistan.
On the other hand, a US retreat would mean Iran keeps the chokehold on global oil reserves, and are free to develop nukes, with any future missions by the US to limit their nuclear weapon research resulting in a worse situation than before.
So yeah, basically a forever war, one that everybody that knows even the tiniest bit about the Middle East has advised against pretty much forever.
Unless the President decides to eat some humble pie and basically surrender, this one is end up much worse than Vietnam, and the ramifications global.
What worries me the most is that I can’t imagine students and citizens going to protest en masse on the streets against the war. They’re too busy to complain on X and Tiktok to do anything about it.
I don't think that option even exists. In my opinion the world order changed this year, the USA w/ it's trillions of dollars of GDP and huge military lost it's grip on the ME.
The option doesn’t exist simply because the sitting president is a complete lunatic.
Even assuming a diffrent president, the situation is much worse than it was 7 months ago.
Iran basically holds global oil supplies in a chokehold, and should the US choose to withdraw unconditionally today, Iran would still collect tariffs on all ships passing the strait, and be free to develop nuclear weapons.
Who's going to stop them ? Any attack would simply further constrain oil supplies, with increased costs as a direct consequence.
Regardless of the outcome, global oil prices have taken a permanent hike up. They'll likely drop quite a bit if/when the war ends, and Iran (or allies) stops bombing Saudi oil pipes, and likely also when the Ukraine/Russia war ends, where Russia can alleviate some of the pressure on asia.
If nothing else, its at least driving adoption of the electrification of the western society, and I'm seeing heat pumps and EVs selling at an increased pace. That obviously doesn't help if your electrical grid is also fossil fuel based, but there are also major renewable energy plants being commissioned.
They've been protesting Israel and have been facing way harsher punishment for it.
I think you missed the “pointless” part of the argument, such as it was.
Site here says $113 bn so well past it. More like Mars mission a month. https://iran-cost-ticker.com/
NASA could simply put up $1 billion to anyone who brings them Mars rocks. There are a number of private rocket companies spinning up.
We can send robots to Mars and drill rocks out of the ground, but apparently bringing those rocks home is where the budget breaks.
In 2020 Musk claimed to be "highly confident" of landing humans on Mars by 2026. So they should be there any moment, can pick them up and bring them back.
More seriously some Starship related stuff may work one day?
Guess we'll have to wait for China to do it and hopefully publish the results.
They are scheduled to go in 2028.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianwen-3
Most of the long shot human advancements today are being done by China.
Some other countries might still develop ideas but when it's time to actually put it into practice and scale it seems it'll always require the Chinese to play a huge part in it. They're the only ones with appetite for "unprofitable" projects that have returns in decades.
Yep - the Chinese space program seems very long term and strategic in nature, both incrementally working towards moon landing and moon base, and beyond. It's obviously great for inspiring generations of kids to get into STEM, as well as national prestige, maybe a good driver for things like robotics and AI as well.
https://www.space.com/astronomy/mars/china-on-track-to-launc...